Controlled Logic Gates-Switch Gate and Fredkin Gate Based on Enzyme-Biocatalyzed Reactions Realized in Flow Cells

ChemPhysChem ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 1046-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian E. Fratto ◽  
Evgeny Katz
Keyword(s):  
Logic Gates ◽  
Flow Cells ◽  
Fredkin Gate

scholarly journals Realization of Various Gate level Combinational Circuits using Reversible Fredkin Gate

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 4145-4150
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Fredkin Gate ◽  
Large Scale Integration ◽  
Aggregation Of Information ◽  
Scale Integration

This paper presents the digital logic gates which are reconstructed using fredkin gate [1]. The advantage of basic fredkin gate is that we could save the thermal waste which comes out due to computation that causes heat as bits just disappear into loss of energy. Such computation won't need any energy input. These assumptions make the gates sound like an energy efficient solution. However the implementation is done at level of logic gates. This can further be used in sequential circuits to increase the life time of transmitter and receiver circuitry of nodes. It will make the transmission and aggregation of information at node very energy efficient. The drawback of this application is it will cost fare amount of time to process data. These technical hurdles will increase latencies at node level. The protocols infused with energy optimization methods and reversible logic gates offered noticeable improvements in achieving performance and ensuring security of data and graphics. Since the 1980s, with work of Fredkin [1], the reversible circuits have been used in building large scale integration of circuits as elementary units of mobile computing, and recently in wireless networks, drug designing and ultra-fast computing technologies [4].

scholarly journals A quantum Fredkin gate

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. e1501531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj B. Patel ◽  
Joseph Ho ◽  
Franck Ferreyrol ◽  
Timothy C. Ralph ◽  
Geoff J. Pryde
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Computer ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Quantum Systems ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
Fredkin Gate ◽  
Swap Gate ◽  
Quantum Analog ◽  
Photonic Qubit ◽  
Qubit Operation

Minimizing the resources required to build logic gates into useful processing circuits is key to realizing quantum computers. Although the salient features of a quantum computer have been shown in proof-of-principle experiments, difficulties in scaling quantum systems have made more complex operations intractable. This is exemplified in the classical Fredkin (controlled-SWAP) gate for which, despite theoretical proposals, no quantum analog has been realized. By adding control to the SWAP unitary, we use photonic qubit logic to demonstrate the first quantum Fredkin gate, which promises many applications in quantum information and measurement. We implement example algorithms and generate the highest-fidelity three-photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states to date. The technique we use allows one to add a control operation to a black-box unitary, something that is impossible in the standard circuit model. Our experiment represents the first use of this technique to control a two-qubit operation and paves the way for larger controlled circuits to be realized efficiently.

Improvement of Single-Electron Digital Logic Gates by Utilizing Input Discretizers

2016 ◽  
Vol E99.C (2) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran THI THU HUONG ◽  
Hiroshi SHIMADA ◽  
Yoshinao MIZUGAKI
Keyword(s):  
Logic Gates ◽  
Single Electron ◽  
Digital Logic

Detection of Biothiols Using Some Novel Chemosensors: An Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiko Raut ◽  
Prithidipa Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Thiol Group ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Guiding Principle ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Parkinson’S Diseases ◽  
Metal Cofactor ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases

Abstract:: Thiol-containing amino acids and peptides play crucial roles in many physiological processses. For example, Cysteine (Cys) and Homocysteine (Hcy) are considered to be related to a number of health disorders such as renal failure, AIDS, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, neutral tube defects, and coronary heart disease. Glutathione (GSH), an important tripeptide with a thiol group, performs vital biological functions that are in-volved in combating oxidative stress and maintaining redox homeostasis. Cysteine also plays important roles in our bodies as an antioxidant, a metal cofactor binder in enzymes, and a protein structure stabilizer by disulfide bond formation in the proteins. Hcy are involved in cellular growth and GSH in redox homeostasis. Hence, the rapid, sensitive, and selective de-tection of such biothiols is of considerable importance and significant interest. Different fluorescent chemosensors have been introduced to develop and improve the detection techniques and accuracy of these biothiols. In this review article we have presented some research works to show a guiding principle for the design of effective chemosensors which are highly sensitive and selective for the detection of particular a group of biothiols in aqueous medium. In line with these develop-ments, the researchers have developed novel chemosensors that signal binding events of these above mentioned biothiols through their optical properties. The binding mechanism and properties have also been established with different theoretical studies. Their applications in the form of colorimetric kit, logic gates, live cell imaging, and quantification from different bi-ological samples have also been developed.

Frequency Encoded All Optical Tri-state Logic Gates NOT and NAND Using Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Based Interferometric Switches

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-380
Author(s):  
K. Maji ◽  
K. Mukherjee ◽  
A. Raja
Keyword(s):  
Semiconductor Optical Amplifier ◽  
Extinction Ratio ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Optical Amplifier ◽  
All Optical ◽  
State Frequency ◽  
Spontaneous Noise ◽  
First Time ◽  
Practical Feasibility

All optical tri-state frequency encoded logic gates NOT and NAND are proposed and numerically investigated using TOAD based interferometric switch for the first time to the best of our knowledge. The optical power spectrum, extinction ratio, contrast ration, and amplified spontaneous noise are calculated to analyze and confirm practical feasibility of the gates. The proposed device works for low switching energy and has high contrast and extinction ratio as indicated in this work.

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