Effects of iontophoresis of noradrenaline and stimulation of the periaqueductal gray on single-unit activity in the rat superficial dorsal horn

1989 ◽  
Vol 287 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Millar ◽  
Graham V. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Horn ◽  
Unit Activity ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Periaqueductal Gray ◽  
Superficial Dorsal Horn ◽  
Single Unit Activity ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Ventrolateral periaqueductal gray neurons prioritize threat probability over fear output

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina M Wright ◽  
Michael A McDannald
Keyword(s):  
Unit Activity ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Periaqueductal Gray ◽  
Single Unit Activity ◽  
Shock Delivery ◽  
Auditory Cues ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Reward Seeking ◽  
Probability Estimates ◽  
Prevailing View

Faced with potential harm, individuals must estimate the probability of threat and initiate an appropriate fear response. In the prevailing view, threat probability estimates are relayed to the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) to organize fear output. A straightforward prediction is that vlPAG single-unit activity reflects fear output, invariant of threat probability. We recorded vlPAG single-unit activity in male, Long Evans rats undergoing fear discrimination. Three 10 s auditory cues predicted unique foot shock probabilities: danger (p=1.00), uncertainty (p=0.375) and safety (p=0.00). Fear output was measured by suppression of reward seeking over the entire cue and in one-second cue intervals. Cued fear non-linearly scaled to threat probability and cue-responsive vlPAG single-units scaled their firing on one of two timescales: at onset or ramping toward shock delivery. VlPAG onset activity reflected threat probability, invariant of fear output, while ramping activity reflected both signals with threat probability prioritized.

Single Unit Activity in the Inferior Colliculus of the Rat Elicited by Electrical Stimulation of the Cochlea

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Vischer ◽  
V. M. Bajo ◽  
J. S. Zhang ◽  
E. Calciati ◽  
C. A. Haenggeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Inferior Colliculus ◽  
Unit Activity ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Single Unit Activity ◽  
Stimulation Of
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