Pretecto‐ and ponto‐cerebellar pathway to the pigeon oculomotor cerebellum follow a zonal organization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Gutierrez‐Ibanez ◽  
Madison C. Pilon ◽  
Douglas R. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Zonal Organization

scholarly journals Local Changes to the Distal Femoral Growth Plate Following Injury in Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M. Mangano Drenkard ◽  
Meghan E. Kupratis ◽  
Katie Li ◽  
Louis C. Gerstenfeld ◽  
Elise F. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Plate ◽  
Skeletal Development ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Injury Site ◽  
Hypertrophic Zone ◽  
Proliferative Zone ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Zonal Organization ◽  
Growth Plate Injury

Injury to the growth plate is associated with growth disturbances, most notably premature cessation of growth. The goal of this study was to identify spatial changes in the structure and composition of the growth plate in response to injury to provide a foundation for developing therapies that minimize the consequences for skeletal development. We used contrast-enhanced microcomputed tomography (CECT) and histological analyses of a murine model of growth plate injury to quantify changes in the cartilaginous and osseous tissue of the growth plate. To distinguish between local and global changes, the growth plate was divided into regions of interest near to and far from the injury site. We noted increased thickness and CECT attenuation (a measure correlated with glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content) near the injury, and increased tissue mineral density (TMD) of bone bridges within the injury site, compared to outside the injury site and contralateral growth plates. Furthermore, we noted disruption of the normal zonal organization of the physis. The height of the hypertrophic zone was increased at the injury site, and the relative height of the proliferative zone was decreased across the entire injured growth plate. These results indicate that growth plate injury leads to localized disruption of cellular activity and of endochondral ossification. These local changes in tissue structure and composition may contribute to the observed retardation in femur growth. In particular, the changes in proliferative and hypertrophic zone heights seen following injury may impact growth and could be targeted when developing therapies for growth plate injury.

Designing Zonal Organization into Tissue-Engineered Cartilage

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanka Sharma ◽  
Christopher G. Williams ◽  
Tae Kyun Kim ◽  
Dongning Sun ◽  
Athar Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zonal Organization ◽  
Engineered Cartilage

Developmentally Inspired Approach to Cartilage Tissue Engineering

2016 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Esmaiel Jabbari
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Human Mscs ◽  
Superficial Zone ◽  
Developmental Approach ◽  
Encapsulated Cells ◽  
Engineered Tissue ◽  
Zonal Organization ◽  
Articulating Surface

Structural organization of articular cartilage is rooted in the arrangement of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into morphologically distinct zones during embryogenesis as a result of spatiotemporal gradients in biochemical, mechanical, and cellular factors that direct the formation of stratified structure of articular cartilage. These gradients are central to the function of cartilage as an articulating surface. Strategies that mimic zonal organization of articular cartilage are more likely to create an engineered tissue with more effective clinical outcome. The objective of this work was to measure the expression of human MSCs encapsulated in engineered gels that simulate stiffness of the superficial, middle and calcified zones of articular cartilage supplemented with zone specific growth factors. Size of the encapsulated cells increased from the gel simulating superficial zone to those simulating middle and calcified zones. Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) content progressively increased from the gel simulating superficial zone to those simulating middle and calcified zones. Human MSCs in the gel simulating the superficial zone showed up-regulation of Sox-9 and SZP whereas those in the calcified gel showed up-regulation of ALP. Results demonstrate that a developmental approach can potentially regenerate the zonal structure of articular cartilage.

Zonal organization of climbing fiber projections to the uvula in the cat

1989 ◽  
Vol 279 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken-Ichi Kanda ◽  
Yu Sato ◽  
Katsumi Ikarashi ◽  
Tadashi Kawasaki
Keyword(s):  
Climbing Fiber ◽  
Zonal Organization
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document