Development of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive cell populations and fiber pathways in the brain of the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula: New perspectives on the evolution of the vertebrate catecholaminergic system

2012 ◽  
Vol 520 (16) ◽  
pp. 3574-3603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván Carrera ◽  
Ramón Anadón ◽  
Isabel Rodríguez-Moldes
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Immunoreactive Cell ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Scyliorhinus Canicula ◽  
Catecholaminergic System ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Differential expression of five prosomatostatin genes in the central nervous system of the catshark Scyliorhinus canicula

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Sobrido-Cameán ◽  
Herve Tostivint ◽  
Sylvie Mazan ◽  
María Celina Rodicio ◽  
Isabel Rodríguez-Moldes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Central Canal ◽  
Scyliorhinus Canicula ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Reticular Neurons ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACTFive prosomatostatin genes (PSST1, PSST2, PSST3, PSST5 and PSST6) have been recently identified in elasmobranchs (Tostivint, Gaillard, Mazan, & Pézeron, 2019). In order to gain insight into the contribution of each somatostatin to specific nervous systems circuits and behaviors in this important jawed vertebrate group, we studied the distribution of neurons expressing PSST mRNAs in the catshark Scyliorhinus canicula using in situ hybridization with specific probes for the five PSSTs transcripts. Additionally, we combined in situ hybridization with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunochemistry for better localization of some PSSTs-positive populations. The five PSST genes showed expression in the brain, although with important differences in distribution. PSST1 and PSST6 were widely expressed in different brain regions. Instead, PSST2 and PSST3 were expressed only in the ventral hypothalamus and in some hindbrain lateral reticular neurons, whereas PSST5 was only expressed in the region of the entopeduncular nucleus. PSST1 and PSST6 were expressed by numerous pallial neurons, although in different populations judging from the colocalization of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity and PSST6 expression in pallial neurons and the absence of colocalization between TH and PSST1 expression. Differential expression of PSST1 and PSST6 was also observed in the subpallium, hypothalamus, diencephalon, optic tectum, midbrain tegmentum and rhombencephalon. Expression of PSST1 was observed in numerous cerebrospinal fluid-contacting (CSF-c) neurons of the paraventricular organ of the hypothalamus and the central canal of the spinal cord. These wide differences in expression of PSST genes together with the numerous brain nuclei expressing PSSTs, indicate that catshark somatostatinergic neurons are implicated differentially in a number of neural circuits.

Alteration of pituitary hormone-immunoreactive cell populations in rat offspring after maternal dietary exposure to endocrine-active chemicals

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoya Masutomi ◽  
Makoto Shibutani ◽  
Hironori Takagi ◽  
Chikako Uneyama ◽  
Kyoung-Youl Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Immunoreactive Cell ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Rat Offspring

Long-term modulation of tyrosine hydroxylase activity and expression by endothelin-1 and -3 in the rat anterior and posterior hypothalamus

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (3) ◽  
pp. R905-R914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guadalupe Perfume ◽  
Sabrina L. Nabhen ◽  
Karla Riquelme Barrera ◽  
María G. Otero ◽  
Liliana G. Bianciotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Catecholaminergic Neurons ◽  
Endothelin System ◽  
Catecholaminergic Transmission ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
The Brain

Brain catecholamines are involved in the regulation of biological functions, including cardiovascular activity. The hypothalamus presents areas with high density of catecholaminergic neurons and the endothelin system. Two hypothalamic regions intimately related with the cardiovascular control are distinguished: the anterior (AHR) and posterior (PHR) hypothalamus, considered to be sympathoinhibitory and sympathoexcitatory regions, respectively. We previously reported that endothelins (ETs) are involved in the short-term tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) regulation in both the AHR and PHR. TH is crucial for catecholaminergic transmission and is tightly regulated by well-characterized mechanisms. In the present study, we sought to establish the effects and underlying mechanisms of ET-1 and ET-3 on TH long-term modulation. Results showed that in the AHR, ETs decreased TH activity through ETB receptor activation coupled to the nitric oxide, phosphoinositide, and CaMK-II pathways. They also reduced total TH level and TH phosphorylated forms (Ser 19 and 40). Conversely, in the PHR, ETs increased TH activity through a G protein-coupled receptor, likely an atypical ET receptor or the ETC receptor, which stimulated the phosphoinositide and adenylyl cyclase pathways, as well as CaMK-II. ETs also increased total TH level and the Ser 19, 31, and 40 phosphorylated sites of the enzyme. These findings support that ETs are involved in the long-term regulation of TH activity, leading to reduced sympathoinhibition in the AHR and increased sympathoexcitation in the PHR. Present and previous studies may partially explain the cardiovascular effects produced by ETs when applied to the brain.

scholarly journals Intermittent severe hypoxia induces plasticity within serotonergic and catecholaminergic neurons in the neonatal rat ventrolateral medulla

2016 ◽  
Vol 120 (11) ◽  
pp. 1277-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Givan ◽  
Kevin J. Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Severe Hypoxia ◽  
Autonomic Response ◽  
Ventrolateral Medulla ◽  
Dopa Decarboxylase ◽  
Catecholaminergic Neurons ◽  
Catecholaminergic System ◽  
Rat Pups

5-HT neurons contribute to autoresuscitation and survival during intermittent severe hypoxia (IsH). In adults, catecholaminergic neurons in the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) contribute to the autonomic response to hypoxia. We hypothesized that 1) catecholaminergic neurons in the neonatal VLM are activated following IsH, 2) this activation is compromised following an acute loss of brain stem 5-HT, and 3) IsH induces cellular and/or transcriptomic plasticity within catecholaminergic and serotonergic neurons that are within or project to the VLM, respectively. To test these hypotheses, we treated rat pups with 6-fluorotryptophan, a tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) inhibitor, and then exposed treated and vehicle controls to IsH or air. Along with immunohistochemistry to detect tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)- or Fos-positive neurons, we used RNA sequencing to resolve the effects of IsH and 5-HT deficiency on the expression of serotonergic and catecholaminergic system genes in the VLM. 5-HT deficiency compromised autoresuscitation and survival. IsH significantly increased the number of identifiable TH-positive VLM neurons, an effect enhanced by 5-HT deficiency ( P = 0.003). Contrary to our hypothesis, 5-HT-deficient pups had significantly more Fos-positive neurons following IsH ( P = 0.008) and more activated TH-positive neurons following IsH or air ( P = 0.04). In both groups the expression of the 5-HT transporter and TPH2 was increased following IsH. In 5-HT-deficient pups, the expression of the inhibitory 5-HT1A receptor was decreased following IsH, while the expression of DOPA decarboxylase was increased. These data show that the serotonergic and catecholaminergic systems in the VLM of the neonatal rat are dynamically upregulated by IsH, potentially adapting cardiorespiratory responses to severe hypoxia.

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