scholarly journals Cancer‐related mortality among people with intellectual disabilities: A nationwide population‐based cohort study

Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten Cuypers ◽  
Bianca W. M. Schalk ◽  
Anne J. N. Boonman ◽  
Jenneken Naaldenberg ◽  
Geraline L. Leusink
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Population Based ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Related Mortality

scholarly journals Body-mass index and long-term risk of sepsis-related mortality: a population-based cohort study of 0.5 million Chinese adults

Critical Care ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Weng ◽  
Junning Fan ◽  
Canqing Yu ◽  
Yu Guo ◽  
Zheng Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Related Mortality

scholarly journals Prehemodialysis arteriovenous access creation is associated with better cardiovascular outcomes in patients receiving hemodialysis: a population-based cohort study

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6680
Author(s):  
Cheng-Chieh Yen ◽  
Mei-Yin Liu ◽  
Po-Wei Chen ◽  
Peir-Haur Hung ◽  
Tse-Hsuan Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽  
First Year ◽  
Research Database ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Arteriovenous Access ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Related Mortality

Background Cardiovascular (CV) disease contributes to nearly half of the mortalities in patients with end-stage renal disease. Patients who received prehemodialysis arteriovenous access (pre-HD AVA) creation had divergent CV outcomes. Methods We conducted a population-based cohort study by recruiting incident patients receiving HD from 2001 to 2012 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients’ characteristics, comorbidities, and medicines were analyzed. The primary outcome of interest was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), defined as hospitalization due to acute myocardial infarction, stroke, or congestive heart failure (CHF) occurring within the first year of HD. Secondary outcomes included MACE-related mortality and all-cause mortality in the same follow-up period. Results The patients in the pre-HD AVA group were younger, had a lower burden of underlying diseases, were more likely to use erythropoiesis-stimulating agents but less likely to use renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system blockers. The patients with pre-HD AVA creation had a marginally lower rate of MACEs but a significant 35% lower rate of CHF hospitalization than those without creation (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.48–0.88]). In addition, the pre-HD AVA group exhibited an insignificantly lower rate of MACE-related mortality but a significantly 52% lower rate of all-cause mortality than the non-pre-HD AVA group (adjusted HR 0.48, 95% CI [0.39–0.59]). Sensitivity analyses obtained consistent results. Conclusions Pre-HD AVA creation is associated with a lower rate of CHF hospitalization and overall death in the first year of dialysis.

Place of death of people with intellectual disabilities: An exploratory study of death and dying within community disability service settings

2019 ◽  
pp. 174462951988675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Todd ◽  
Sharon Brandford ◽  
Rhian Worth ◽  
Julia Shearn ◽  
Jane Bernal
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Death And Dying ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Place Of Death ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Future Population

This article describes an exploratory study of deaths of people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) that had occurred in group homes managed by an ID service provider in Australasia. Such settings are increasingly recognised as places for both living and dying. Little is known about the extent to which they encounter the death of a person with ID and with what outcomes. Data were obtained from service records and telephone interviews on 66 deaths occurring within a 2-year period. The findings suggest that death is an important but relatively rare event within ID services. This rate of death was influenced by the age structure of the population. Most of the deaths occurred within a hospital setting. Cause of death did not have much impact upon place of death. However, setting characteristics seemed to have some influence. As an exploratory study, lessons for future population-based research in this area are addressed.

scholarly journals Changes over a decade in psychotropic prescribing for people with intellectual disabilities: prospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e036862
Author(s):  
Angela Henderson ◽  
Paula Mcskimming ◽  
Deborah Kinnear ◽  
Colin McCowan ◽  
Alasdair McIntosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Problem Behaviours ◽  
Medication Reviews ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Antipsychotic Prescribing ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
General Community

ObjectivesTo investigate psychotropic prescribing in the intellectual disabilities population over 10 years, and associated mental ill health diagnoses.DesignComparison of cross-sectional data in 2002–2004 (T1) and 2014 (T2). Longitudinal cohort study with detailed health assessments at T1 and record linkage to T2 prescribing data.SettingGeneral community.Participants1190 adults with intellectual disabilities in T1 compared with 3906 adults with intellectual disabilities in T2. 545/1190 adults with intellectual disabilities in T1 were alive and their records linked to T2 prescribing data.Main outcome measuresEncashed regular and as-required psychotropic prescriptions.Results50.7% (603/1190) of adults in T1 and 48.2% (1881/3906) in T2 were prescribed at least one psychotropic; antipsychotics: 24.5% (292/1190) in T1 and 16.7% (653/3906) in T2; antidepressants: 11.2% (133/1190) in T1 and 19.1% (746/3906) in T2. 21.2% (62/292) prescribed antipsychotics in T1 had psychosis or bipolar disorder, 33.2% (97/292) had no mental ill health or problem behaviours, 20.6% (60/292) had problem behaviours but no psychosis or bipolar disorder. Psychotropics increased from 47.0% (256/545) in T1 to 57.8% (315/545) in T2 (p<0.001): antipsychotics did not change (OR 1.18; 95% CI 0.87 to 1.60; p=0.280), there was an increase for antidepressants (OR 2.80; 95% CI 1.96 to 4.00; p<0.001), hypnotics/anxiolytics (OR 2.19; 95% CI 1.34 to 3.61; p=0.002), and antiepileptics (OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.84; p=0.017). Antipsychotic prescribing increased for people with problem behaviours in T1 (OR 6.45; 95% CI 4.41 to 9.45; p<0.001), more so than for people with other mental ill health in T1 (OR 4.11; 95% CI 2.76 to 6.11; p<0.001).ConclusionsDespite concerns about antipsychotic prescribing and guidelines recommending their withdrawal, it appears that while fewer antipsychotic prescriptions were initiated by T2 than in T1, people were not withdrawn from them once commenced. People with problem behaviours had increased prescribing. There was also a striking increase in antidepressant prescriptions. Adults with intellectual disabilities need frequent and careful medication reviews.

Development of Pict-O-Stat: violence – focus on experiences of violence and a survey that can be completed by the individuals themselves

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Kristensen ◽  
Anders Möller
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Questions And Answers ◽  
Simple Language ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Sensitive Issues

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to find a method that makes it possible for people with intellectual disabilities to independently contribute to population-based research in areas that is sensitive. It is important to be able to answer questionnaires independently in research areas that are sensitive because the informant maybe does not want to ask for help to answer a questionnaire about sexual violence, domestic violence, etc. Maybe they not even have talked to anyone about their experiences and then have to tell a staff/relative that helps them to complete the survey is probably unthinkable. Design/methodology/approach To participate in a survey about sensitive issues independently the questions and the methods have to be adapted to the informant’s skills and needs. The questions written in “difficult Swedish” were transcribed into simple language and then tested whether the target group understood the words that describe violent acts. After adjustments another small group tested the method, an Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interview (ACASI). After they had completed the survey informants were interviewed about what it was like to participate in the survey. Findings Preliminary results show that it is possible to independently answer population-based questionnaires, even about sensitive issues, if the researcher offers the possibility to use a web-based ACASI. An ACASI can be used on accessible computers and tablets and can have the same questions that only have to be translated into both easy language and alternative format, such as questions with both text and images and listen to the questions read. Originality/value Researchers can include people with intellectual disabilities, they just need to give them a chance. It is possible if they translate their questions into an easy language and include alternative format, i.e. using both text and images and be able to listen to the questions and answers, by, for example, using a web-based ACASI.

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