Residues and Organic Contaminants in Agricultural Soils in Intensive Agricultural Areas of Spain: A Three Years Survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 746-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan A. Padilla-Sánchez ◽  
Roberto Romero-González ◽  
Patricia Plaza-Bolaños ◽  
Antonia Garrido Frenich ◽  
José L. Martínez Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Agricultural Areas

scholarly journals Total and bioavailable forms of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cr in agricultural soils: a study from the hydrological basin of Keritis, Chania, Greece

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Aqua Regia ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Agricultural Areas

The hydrological basin of Keritis in Chania, Greece is mainly an agricultural area where various agrochemicals are used. In topsoils, the total and available forms of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cr were determined after their extraction with boiling Aqua Regia and DTPA respectively. Although the total heavy metal concentrations in Keritis soils were similar to the total concentrations in other agricultural areas, the studied soils can not be described as heavily polluted. The bioavailable concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cr were low. The relative availability and comparative mobility followed the order of Cu>Pb>Zn>Cr and was closely related to the soil organic matter.

scholarly journals Effects of pig slurry application on soil physical and chemical properties and glyphosate mobility

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1421-1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Aparecida de Oliveira ◽  
Adilson Pinheiro ◽  
Milton da Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Pig slurry applied to soil at different rates may affect soil properties and the mobility of chemical compounds within the soil. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of rates of pig slurry application in agricultural areas on soil physical and chemical properties and on the mobility of glyphosate through the soil profile. The study was carried out in the 12th year of an experiment with pig slurry applied at rates of 0 (control), 50, 100 and 200 m³ ha-1 yr-1 on a Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (Hapludox) soil. In the control, the quantities of P and K removed by harvested grains were replaced in the next crop cycle. Soil physical properties (bulk density, porosity, texture, and saturated hydraulic conductivity) and chemical properties (organic matter, pH, extractable P, and exchangeable K) were measured. Soil solution samples were collected at depths of 20, 40 and 80 cm using suction lysimeters, and glyphosate concentrations were measured over a 60-day period after slurry application. Soil physical and chemical properties were little affected by the pig slurry applications, but soil pH was reduced and P levels increased in the surface layers. In turn, K levels were increased in sub-surface layers. Glyphosate concentrations tended to decrease over time but were not affected by pig slurry application. The concentrations of glyphosate found in different depths show that the pratice of this application in agricultural soils has the potential for contamination of groundwater, especially when the water table is the surface and heavy rains occur immediately after application.

Industrial organic compounds in selected Canadian soils

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Webber ◽  
C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Southern Ontario

Studies were conducted to determine the concentrations of a large number of industrial organic compounds in selected Canadian agricultural soils and to assess the potential for land application of municipal sludges to cause significant polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), organochlorine pesticide (OC) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination of agricultural land. Twenty-four Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Soil Quality Evaluation Program (SQEP) benchmark soils and six intensively cropped southern Ontario soils exhibited similar small concentrations of a few base-neutral and acid (BN&A) extractable industrial organic compounds (seldom >1 mg kg−1 dry wt), PCBs (<200 μg kg−1 dry wt) and organophosphorus pesticides (OPs). Fonofos, the only OP detected, was observed at concentrations <100 μg kg−1 dry wt. Neutral and phenoxy acid herbicide analyses for 13 soils (seven SQEP and six intensively cropped) indicated infrequent detection of these compounds. There was no detection of carbamate herbicides. In most soils, only trace amounts (<10 μg kg−1 dry wt) of OCs were observed but in one intensively cropped soil, DDT exceeded 70 mg kg−1 dw. A greater incidence of compounds such as alpha chlordane, dieldrin, aldrin and DDT in intensively cropped than in other soils is assumed to reflect increased use of these compounds for intensive crop production. Soils treated with sludge according to recommended practice exhibited minor increases in PAH, OC and PCB concentrations. There is no risk to human health or the environment from industrial organic conpounds, except possibly DDT, in Canadian agricultural soils that have received no sludge or from PAHs, OCs and PCBs in soils that have received southern Ontario sludges according to recommended practice. Key words: Municipal sludge, industrial organic compounds, organic contaminants, agricultural sustainability, soil

scholarly journals Ecotoxicological Tests of Metal-Contaminated soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 906 (1) ◽  
pp. 012099
Author(s):  
Ol’ga Šestinová ◽  
Lenka Findoráková ◽  
Jozef HančuFák ◽  
Zuzana Szabová
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Steel Plant ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Abstract The raw steel production plays a key role in the economic development of Slovakia. Unfortunately, the technology of steel production, agricultural and industrial activities contribute to contamination of the soil in the region Eastern Slovakia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of heavy metals in urban soils from the Košice area, using bioassays on earthworms and phytotoxicity. An earthworm avoidance test has potential advantages for use in evaluation of hazardous soils sites and proved as a quick approach to determining the presence of contaminants. The earthworm (Dendrobaena veneta) takes up and retains metals from soil containing of heavy metals. Assessment of soil phytotoxicity was based on germination and seedling growth of the terrestrial plant (mustard Sinapis alba). The level of Cr, Co, Cd and Hg were assessed in 8 industrial soils (4 agricultural areas and 4 grass-plot areas) from the area U.S. Steel Košice. The highest levels contaminations of chromium (278mg/kg), cobalt (39mg/kg), cadmium (21mg/kg) and mercury (0.80mg/kg) were determined for the grass-plot soils (main gate of the U. S. Steel-plant). Phytotoxkit results for the agricultural soils from around Košice showed that, the potential toxicity values are lowly, represented by a lower percentage of inhibition in germination range between 5 and 33 % and the average percentage of growth inhibition was 12-39 % for Sinapis alba. The results for the grass-plot areas soils from around Košice showed the percentage of inhibition in germination range between 13 and 47 % and the average percentage of growth inhibition was 19-49 % for Sinapis alba. Low mortality effects were recorded in the tests with Dendronaena veneta. The distribution of the worms found in the double control was within the range 10–100 % for all areas of the agricultural soils and grass-plot soils, for after 48h. The significant (P<0.05) avoidance by Dendronaena veneta were 100% in soils of areas Gomboš and from main gate of the U. S. Steel-plant, Košice. The above results reflect that not only may the worms be able to detect metals, but in fact they may also change their behavioural response over time.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Salinity by Using Wavelet Modeling

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Funda Dökmen ◽  
Zafer ASLAN
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Groundwater Irrigation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The World ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Study Laboratory

Abstract Every year, due to the salinity resulting from improper irrigation practices, almost 10 billion ha of agricultural lands across the world cannot be used. Among the main elements (cations) for salinity in regions with dry or semi-dry climate are potassium (K+), sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca+2) and magnesium (Mg+’2). Using proper irrigation methods as well as ensuring the quality of irrigation water are of great importance in terms of the salinity of agricultural soils. In this study, laboratory analyses of ground water resources for salinity parameters were conducted in the province of Yalova (Taşköprü, Çiftlikköy, and Altınova regions). In the explanation of the analysis results, variations and effects based on the level of salinity were taken into account and the role of small, meso and large scale factors were determined through the use of the wavelet model. The study results would be of use in the estimation of salinity contents of soils with respect to groundwater irrigation in agricultural areas.

scholarly journals STUDY OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND NUTRIENT CONTENT OF AGRICULTURAL SOILS OF CHITTOOR DISTRICT USING DIFFERENT ANALYTICAL METHODS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Shakir Basha S ◽  
Arun Chowdary V ◽  
Kirthi A
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Red Soil ◽  
Nutrient Profile ◽  
Kjeldahl Method ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Effective Growth

 Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the physicochemical properties and nutrient content of agricultural soils at various stations such as black soil from Kalroad Palli village (Chandragiri mandal), red soil from Ramapuram village (Ramachandrapuram Mandal), and clay from Yerpedu village (Yerpedu Mandal) of Chittoor district.Method: The physicochemical parameters such as pH was measured using pH meter (Thermo Scientific); electrical conductivity (EC) was measured by conductivity meter (CM180 Elico Technologies); organic carbon (OC) was determined by Fourier-transform infrared (Agilent technologies 630) and with ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometer (Agilent technologies Cary UV 60); nitrogen (N2) was estimated by Kjeldahl method; potassium (K), sodium (Na), and calcium (Ca) were estimated using flame photometer (Elico Technologies CL/361); and magnesium (Mg) was estimated by titrimetric method.Results: Among these, pH (black soil - 7.41, red soil - 6.93, and clay - 7.29), EC (black soil - 1.76, red soil - 0.25, and clay - 0.14 microhoms), OC (black soil - 1.22%, red soil - 0.61%, and clay - 0.66%), N2 (black soil - 0.22%, red soil - 0.25%, and clay - 0.26%), K (black soil - 5.7 ppm, red soil - 9.1 ppm, and clay - 8.4 ppm), Na (black soil - 9.5 ppm, red soil - 4.5 ppm, and clay - 5.9 ppm), Ca (black soil - 6.2 ppm, red soil - 5.7 ppm, and clay - 7.8 ppm), Mg (black soil - 0.19%, red soil - 0.25%, and clay - 0.17%) ranges were recorded at all the stations.Conclusion: The present study is a preliminary attempt to study the nature of soils in different agricultural areas in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh, India. This could help to understand the nutrient profile of the district and to prescribe the nutrients levels of the crops for their effective growth.

scholarly journals Agricultural Soil Phosphorus in Hungary: High Resolution Mapping and Assessment of Socioeconomic and Pedological Factors of Spatiotemporal Variability

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5311
Author(s):  
Piroska Kassai ◽  
Gergely Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Phosphorus Level ◽  
Soluble Phosphorus ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

Over-fertilization before 1989 resulted in high phosphorus levels in agricultural soils of Hungary, but the accumulated reserves seem to have been depleted in recent decades due to under-fertilization. The aims of this study were to map the spatial pattern of phosphorus level and its change in the last few decades in Hungary to document the effect of fertilization and underlying socio-economic conditions on P concentrations, to identify the role of soil properties in changing soil soluble P and to quantify the total amount of soluble phosphorus level change in agricultural areas in the last few decades in the country. Two soil datasets were analyzed (National Pedological and Crop Production Database of Hungary and the Land Use/Land Cover Area Frame Survey, LUCAS, topsoil dataset), representing the status of soil nutrient contents in 1989 and in 2009. The measured phosphorus concentrations were compared to the reported phosphorus fertilization inputs. We also evaluated the effect of some important soil properties on soluble phosphorus content and on its change. We produced three maps by using kriging methods: soluble phosphorus levels in 1989, in 2009 and the change between 1989 and 2009. The results confirmed that phosphorus levels in agricultural areas depend mainly on agricultural use, while soil physical characteristics play a smaller role. Nevertheless, we demonstrated that the decrease in soil phosphorus levels was significantly influenced by soil chemistry (pH and CaCO3 content). The mean soluble phosphorus level was 108 mg/kg in 1989 and 28 mg/kg in 2009, and the median values were 100 and 22. The total loss (caused by harvesting, fixation and erosion) is ~1.5 million tons of soluble phosphorus, which is twice as much as the reported phosphorus balances indicated. In conclusion, our results show that approximately 50% of agricultural areas in Hungary are characterized by a very low supply of phosphorus (according to the latest data), posing a risk of nutrient depletion in these areas.

scholarly journals Soil Characteristics Constrain the Response of Microbial Communities and Associated Hydrocarbon Degradation Genes during Phytoremediation

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Correa-García ◽  
Karelle Rheault ◽  
Julien Tremblay ◽  
Armand Séguin ◽  
Etienne Yergeau
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

ABSTRACT Rhizodegradation is a promising cleanup technology where microorganisms degrade soil contaminants in the rhizosphere. A symbiotic relationship is expected to occur between plant roots and soil microorganisms in contaminated soils that enhances natural microbial degradation. However, little is known about how different initial microbiotas influence the rhizodegradation outcome. Recent studies have hinted that soil initial diversity has a determining effect on the outcome of contaminant degradation. To test this, we either planted (P) or not (NP) balsam poplars (Populus balsamifera) in two soils of contrasting diversity (agricultural and forest) that were contaminated or not with 50 mg kg−1 of phenanthrene (PHE). The DNA from the rhizosphere of the P and the bulk soil of the NP pots was extracted and the bacterial genes encoding the 16S rRNA, the PAH ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase alpha subunits (PAH-RHDα) of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and the fungal ITS region were sequenced to characterize the microbial communities. The abundances of the PAH-RHDα genes were quantified by real-time quantitative PCR. Plant presence had a significant effect on PHE degradation only in the forest soil, whereas both NP and P agricultural soils degraded the same amount of PHE. Fungal communities were mainly affected by plant presence, whereas bacterial communities were principally affected by the soil type, and upon contamination the dominant PAH-degrading community was similarly constrained by soil type. Our results highlight the crucial importance of soil microbial and physicochemical characteristics in the outcome of rhizoremediation. IMPORTANCE Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are a group of organic contaminants that pose a risk to ecosystems’ health. Phytoremediation is a promising biotechnology with the potential to restore PAH-contaminated soils. However, some limitations prevent it from becoming the remediation technology of reference, despite being environmentally friendlier than mainstream physicochemical alternatives. Recent reports suggest that the original soil microbial diversity is the key to harnessing the potential of phytoremediation. Therefore, this study focused on determining the effect of two different soil types in the fate of phenanthrene (a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) under balsam poplar remediation. Poplar increased the degradation of phenanthrene in forest, but not in agricultural soil. The fungi were affected by poplars, whereas total bacteria and specific PAH-degrading bacteria were constrained by soil type, leading to different degradation patterns between soils. These results highlight the importance of performing preliminary microbiological studies of contaminated soils to determine whether plant presence could improve remediation rates or not.

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