Extraction and purification of phosphatidylcholine and its potential in nanoliposomal delivery of Eucalyptus citriodora oil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Bahari ◽  
Asma Sadat Vaziri ◽  
Iran Alemzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Citriodora ◽  
Extraction And Purification

Schutz vor Insekten

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 713-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudin
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B ◽  
Eucalyptus Citriodora ◽  
Knock Down

Erfolgreicher Schutz gegen Stiche von blutsaugenden Insekten und Zecken bedingt die konsequente Anwendung geeigneter Maßnahmen. Eine eventuell notwendige Chemoprophylaxe wird dadurch nie ersetzt. Die Umstände, unter denen der Schutz erreicht werden soll, bestimmen die Kombination der zu treffenden Maßnahmen. Von Wohnräumen kann man Insekten mit Mückengittern oder -gaze an Fenstern und Türen oder mittels Klimaanlagen fernhalten. Beim Schlafen kann man sich mit einem Moskitonetz schützen. Diese Maßnahmen können bei Bedarf durch Insektizide ergänzt oder unterstützt werden. Meistens kommen synthetische Pyrethroide entweder als «knock down»-Sprays oder elektroverdampft für die Behandlung von Räumen oder als Imprägnierungsmittel von Netzen und Gittern zum Einsatz. Wenn ein Kontakt nicht durch die Wahl von Aufenthaltsort und -zeit vermeidbar ist, werden außer Haus zum Schutz vor Stichen geeignete Kleidung sowie Repellentien eingesetzt. Kleider sollen möglichst viel Körperfläche bedecken, aus festem Gewebe, nicht eng anliegend und von heller Farbe sein. Eine zusätzliche Behandlung mit Insektiziden ist vorteilhaft. Repellentien werden direkt auf die Haut appliziert. Diethylmethylbenzamin (DEET) zeigt seit vielen Jahren eine verlässliche Wirkung. Ebenfalls verbreitete synthetische Wirkstoffe sind Bayrepel® und IR3535. Sie weisen ein noch etwas geringeres Nebenwirkungsrisiko auf, nachteilig ist jedoch die schwächere Wirkung. Von den pflanzlichen Produkten sind die mit einem Extrakt aus Eucalyptus citriodora die am besten wirksamen. Schwächere Produkte schützen Personen, die für Mücken speziell attraktiv sind, nur ungenügend. Völlig nutzlos sind auf Arm-, Halsbänder oder Kleber aufgetragene Repellentien, sowie Ultraschallgeräte, UV-Lichtfallen oder die Einnahme von Vitamin B1 oder Knoblauch.

AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR THE ASSAY OF PROGESTERONE BY COMPETITIVE PROTEIN BINDING

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Reeves ◽  
M. L. A. de Souza ◽  
I. E. Thompson ◽  
E. Diczfalusy
Keyword(s):  
Protein Binding ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Corticosteroid Binding Globulin ◽  
Competitive Protein Binding ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Range Of Values

ABSTRACT An improved method for the assay of plasma progesterone by competitive protein binding is described. The improvement is based upon rigorous control of the variables, the compensation for and standardisation of interfering factors inherent in the method and the use of a human corticosteroid binding globulin, that meets the requirements for sensitivity at levels of 1.0 ng of progesterone and below. The assessment of the reliability of the individual steps in the method as well as that of the complete method is presented. The sensitivity of the method is around 0.2 ng progesterone per ml plasma. Accuracy was measured by adding progesterone in amounts ranging from 0.0 to 1.0 ng to 1.0 ml plasma. There was a linear relationship between the progesterone added and recovered throughout the entire range of values, with a coefficient of correlation (r) of 0.94. Of 52 related steroids tested, none was found which would remain associated with progesterone following extraction and purification and which would also compete with progesterone for binding sites.

R-phycoerythrin extraction and purification from fresh Gracilaria sp. using thermo-responsive systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 3816-3826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipa A. Vicente ◽  
Inês S. Cardoso ◽  
Margarida Martins ◽  
Cátia V. M. Gonçalves ◽  
Ana C. R. V. Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Downstream Process ◽  
Responsive Systems ◽  
Extraction And Purification

Besides the good performance, the downstream process based in thermo-responsive systems was shown to be efficient and of lower environmental impact.

scholarly journals Optimization of the extraction and purification of Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang based on the Q-marker uniform design method

BMC Chemistry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongping Zhang ◽  
Zuhua Wang ◽  
Jian Xu ◽  
Fangfang Yang ◽  
Chuanyang Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Uniform Design ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Uniform Design Method

Extraction and purification of rat α-fetoprotein

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
J. Monjardino ◽  
Valerie Hall
Keyword(s):  
Extraction And Purification

scholarly journals THE EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION OF HYPERTENSIN (ANGIOTONIN)

1954 ◽  
Vol 206 (2) ◽  
pp. 717-724
Author(s):  
Leland C. Clark ◽  
Catherine Winkler ◽  
Frank Gollan ◽  
R. Phyllis Fox
Keyword(s):  
Extraction And Purification

scholarly journals Xanthophylls from the Sea: Algae as Source of Bioactive Carotenoids

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Antia G. Pereira ◽  
Paz Otero ◽  
Javier Echave ◽  
Anxo Carreira-Casais ◽  
Franklin Chamorro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Laminaria Japonica ◽  
Chlorella Zofingiensis ◽  
Brown Seaweeds ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Large Groups

Algae are considered pigment-producing organisms. The function of these compounds in algae is to carry out photosynthesis. They have a great variety of pigments, which can be classified into three large groups: chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phycobilins. Within the carotenoids are xanthophylls. Xanthophylls (fucoxanthin, astaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin) are a type of carotenoids with anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities, due to their chemical structure rich in double bonds that provides them with antioxidant properties. In this context, xanthophylls can protect other molecules from oxidative stress by turning off singlet oxygen damage through various mechanisms. Based on clinical studies, this review shows the available information concerning the bioactivity and biological effects of the main xanthophylls present in algae. In addition, the algae with the highest production rate of the different compounds of interest were studied. It was observed that fucoxanthin is obtained mainly from the brown seaweeds Laminaria japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, Hizikia fusiformis, Sargassum spp., and Fucus spp. The main sources of astaxanthin are the microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis, Chlorella zofingiensis, and Chlorococcum sp. Lutein and zeaxanthin are mainly found in algal species such as Scenedesmus spp., Chlorella spp., Rhodophyta spp., or Spirulina spp. However, the extraction and purification processes of xanthophylls from algae need to be standardized to facilitate their commercialization. Finally, we assessed factors that determine the bioavailability and bioaccesibility of these molecules. We also suggested techniques that increase xanthophyll’s bioavailability.

scholarly journals Characterisation of a highly potent and near pan-neutralising anti-HIV monoclonal antibody expressed in tobacco plants

Retrovirology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Moore ◽  
Melanie Grandits ◽  
Clemens Grünwald-Gruber ◽  
Friedrich Altmann ◽  
Maria Kotouckova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Glycosylation Site ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Different Strains

Abstract Background HIV remains one of the most important health issues worldwide, with almost 40 million people living with HIV. Although patients develop antibodies against the virus, its high mutation rate allows evasion of immune responses. Some patients, however, produce antibodies that are able to bind to, and neutralise different strains of HIV. One such ‘broadly neutralising’ antibody is ‘N6’. Identified in 2016, N6 can neutralise 98% of HIV-1 isolates with a median IC50 of 0.066 µg/mL. This neutralisation breadth makes N6 a very promising therapeutic candidate. Results N6 was expressed in a glycoengineered line of N. benthamiana plants (pN6) and compared to the mammalian cell-expressed equivalent (mN6). Expression at 49 mg/kg (fresh leaf tissue) was achieved in plants, although extraction and purification are more challenging than for most plant-expressed antibodies. N-glycoanalysis demonstrated the absence of xylosylation and a reduction in α(1,3)-fucosylation that are typically found in plant glycoproteins. The N6 light chain contains a potential N-glycosylation site, which was modified and displayed more α(1,3)-fucose than the heavy chain. The binding kinetics of pN6 and mN6, measured by surface plasmon resonance, were similar for HIV gp120. pN6 had a tenfold higher affinity for FcγRIIIa, which was reflected in an antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity assay, where pN6 induced a more potent response from effector cells than that of mN6. pN6 demonstrated the same potency and breadth of neutralisation as mN6, against a panel of HIV strains. Conclusions The successful expression of N6 in tobacco supports the prospect of developing a low-cost, low-tech production platform for a monoclonal antibody cocktail to control HIV in low-to middle income countries. Graphic abstract

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