Deposition from waxy mixtures in a flow‐loop apparatus under turbulent conditions: Investigating the effect of suspended wax crystals in cold flow regime

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 2740-2751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Ehsani ◽  
Samira Haj‐Shafiei ◽  
Anil K. Mehrotra
Keyword(s):  
Flow Regime ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Wax Crystals

scholarly journals Cuttings Transport In Horizontal And Highly Deviated Wellbores

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Piroozian ◽  
Issham Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Flow Regime ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Fluid Viscosity ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Cuttings Transport ◽  
Drill Cuttings ◽  
Hole Cleaning ◽  
Positive Effect

Lencongan dari laluan tegak menyebabkan rincisan gerudi berkumpul pada bahagian bawah lubang telaga sehingga terbentuknya lapisan rincisan. Akibatnya, berlaku beberapa permasalahan operasi ketika berlangsungnya penggerudian. Daya seret dan kilas yang melampau, kesukaran yang dialami ketika penyorongan rentetan selongsong ke dalam lubang telaga, kesukaran untuk memperoleh operasi penyimenan yang baik, dan lekatan mekanikal paip gerudi adalah antara beberapa contoh lazim yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan terbabit. Sehubungan itu, pemahaman yang baik tentang parameter utama operasi yang mempengaruhi pembersihan lubang telaga adalah penting. Artikel ini mengetengahkan keputusan daripada kajian makmal yang telah dilaksanakan untuk menilai keberkesanan tiga jenis bendalir gerudi dalam menyingkir rincisan gerudi. Kajian makmal melibatkan penggunaan gelung legap aliran sepanjang 17 kaki dengan diameter 2 inci sebagai bahagian ujian. Bagi setiap uji kaji, prestasi pengangkutan rincisan (CTP - Cuttings Transport Performance) ditentukan menerusi pengukuran berat. Keputusan uji kaji dianalisis untuk memperoleh kesan menyeluruh ketiga-tiga parameter operasi, iaitu kelikatan bendalir gerudi, halaju bendalir, dan kecondongan lubang telaga. Kajian terkini membuktikan bahawa penggunaan bendalir gerudi berkelikatan tinggi berupaya meningkatkan CTP jika regim aliran adalah gelora. Walau bagaimanapun, peningkatan kelikatan dalam regim aliran peralihan atau laminar masing-masing mengurangkan CTP secara beransur atau mendadak. Kajian juga menunjukkan bahawa peningkatan sudut kecondongan dari 60° ke 90° memberikan kesan yang positif terhadap CTP. Parameter operasi yang memberikan kesan yang ketara dalam kajian ini ialah halaju aliran, dengan peningkatan kecil yang dialami oleh halaju aliran berjaya memberikan kesan positif yang nyata dalam pembersihan lubang telaga. Kata kunci: Kecekapan penyingkiran rincisan; prestasi pengangkutan rincisan; rincisan gerudi; bendalir gerudi; pembersihan lubang telaga Deviation from vertical path makes drill cuttings to accumulate on the lower side of the wellbore that induces the formation of cuttings bed. Subsequently, relative problems occur while drilling. Excessive torque and drag, difficulties in running casing in hole and accomplishing good cementing jobs and mechanical pipe sticking are few of the classical examples of such problems. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of influential parameters on hole cleaning seems to be essential. This paper presents results of an experimental study that was carried out to evaluate cuttings removal efficiency of three types of drilling fluid. Experiments were conducted using a 17 feet long opaque flow loop of 2 inch diameter as test section. For each test, the amount of cuttings transport performance (CTP) was determined from weight measurements. Three operating parameters were considered, namely drilling fluid viscosity, fluid velocity, and hole inclination. It showed that the use of high-viscosity drilling fluid improved CTP if the flow regime was turbulent. However, increasing viscosity when flow regime was transient or laminar flow lessened CTP gradually or sharply respectively. It was also revealed that an incremental increase in hole inclination from 60° to 90° has a positive effect on CTP. The most influential parameter in this study was fluid velocity in which a small raise of fluid velocity resulted in a substantial positive effect on hole cleaning. Key words: Cuttings removal efficiency; cuttings transport performance; drill cuttings; drilling fluid; hole cleaning

Fiber Optics Application for Downhole Monitoring and Wellbore Surveillance; SAGD Monitoring, Flow Regime Determination and Flow Loop Design

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Soroush ◽  
Mohammad Mohammadtabar ◽  
Morteza Roostaei ◽  
Seyed Abolhassan Hosseini ◽  
Vahidoddin Fattahpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Regime ◽  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Loop Design ◽  
Downhole Monitoring

Effect of Polymer Fluid Viscoelastic Properties on the Initiation of Transition From Laminar to Turbulent Flow Regime and the Drag Reduction in the Flow Through Horizontal Pipe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Meric Hirpa ◽  
Ergun Kuru
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Drag Reduction ◽  
Flow Regime ◽  
Shear Viscosity ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Horizontal Pipe ◽  
Fluid Elasticity ◽  
Turbulent Flow Regime

Abstract This study investigated the flow of viscoelastic fluids through horizontal pipeline mainly focusing on the effect of fluid elasticity on drag reduction and onset of transition to turbulent flow regime. In order to be able to see the sole effect of fluid elasticity (independent from shear viscosity), three non-Newtonian fluids having the same shear viscosity but different viscoelastic properties were tested in the horizontal flow loop. Those fluids were the dilute solutions of partially hydrolysed polyacrylamide (HPAM) and they were prepared by using three polymer grades of HPAM (i.e. 5 × 105, 8 × 106, 20 × 106 g/gmol) in different compositions. Experiments have shown that increasing fluid elasticity resulted in higher drag reduction in pipe flow. Moreover, fluid elasticity affected the onset of turbulent flow and an earlier transition to turbulent flow regime (as compared to water flow) was only observed for the flow of fluid having the highest elastic properties. So, understanding effects of fluid elasticity on flow dynamics might improve the performance of fluids engineered for hole cleaning/cuttings transport in oil and gas well drilling or proppant transport in hydraulic fracturing operations. Also, field efforts to find solutions to problems caused by excessive dynamic pressure losses encountered in drilling horizontal or extended reach wells or in transporting hydrocarbons through pipeline might benefit from the findings of this or further extended research on this subject.

Bench Scale Experimental Study of Slug Flow Phenomena Using PID Control

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Schmidt ◽  
Derek W. Staal ◽  
Jeffery W. McClung ◽  
Mark V. Behl ◽  
Mayank Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
Flow Regime ◽  
Pid Control ◽  
Slug Flow ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Bench Scale

Offshore petroleum production operations pose a unique set of challenges. A common undesirable phenomenon that occurs in these multiphase flow systems is known as slug flow. Slug flow is an oscillatory flow regime that creates large bullet shaped bubbles (also known as Taylor Bubbles) followed by large slugs of liquid. This high-rate alternation of liquid and gas production volumes in the surface facilities causes severe pressure oscillations. These oscillations adversely affect the structural health and individual components. A bench-scale closed flow loop was built with capabilities of measuring pressure and flow rates at different relevant sections. PID control strategy to mitigate the harmful effects of slug flow regime showed promise, although the tests were performed in the low pressure conditions of bench scale setup. The sensors and valve were programmed with MATLAB® to provide real time analysis, and a PID controller was utilized to adjust the back pressure. Initial experimental data and visual observation provided better understanding of slug flow regime and some quantitative data was obtained through image processing. Theoretical estimates of Taylor bubble velocities were found to be in agreement with presented observations. Further experiments are being carried out to gather data and showcase this model to develop better multiphase flow control strategies.

scholarly journals Flow Regime, Slug Frequency and Wavelet Analysis of Air/Newtonian and Air/non-Newtonian Two-Phase Flow

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3272
Author(s):  
Munzarin Morshed ◽  
Muhammad Saad Khan ◽  
Mohammad Azizur Rahman ◽  
Syed Imtiaz
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Wavelet Analysis ◽  
Flow Regime ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Frequency Model

This study focused on gas/Newtonian and gas/non-Newtonian two-phase horizontal fluid flow behavior by analyzing their flow regime identification and flow structural analysis on a horizontal flow loop apparatus. This involved the recognition of two-phase flow regimes for this flow loop and validation with existing flow maps in the literature. In addition, the study included flow pattern identification via wavelet analysis for gas/Newtonian and gas/non-Newtonian two-phase fluid flow in a horizontal flow loop apparatus. Furthermore, the study was extended to the detailed examination of slug frequency in the presence of air/Newtonian and air/non-Newtonian fluid flow, and the predicted slug frequency model was applied to the studied systems. The obtained results suggest that the flow regime maps and slug frequency analysis have a significant impact. The obtained pressure sensor results indicate that the experimental setup could not provide high-frequency and high-resolution data; nevertheless, wavelet decomposition and wavelet norm entropy were calculated. It offered recognizable flow characteristics for bubble, bubble-elongated bubble, and slug flow patterns. Therefore, this study can provide deep insight into intricate multiphase flow patterns, and the wavelet could potentially be applied for flow analysis in oil and gas pipelines.

scholarly journals Methcyclohexyl methacrylate-methacrylate copolymers：An effective cold flow improver for the biodiesel blends

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingxia Yuan ◽  
Xin Lin ◽  
Hualin Lin ◽  
Yuan Xue ◽  
Sheng Han
Keyword(s):  
1H Nmr ◽  
Flow Property ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Solid Point ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Flow Improver ◽  
Wax Crystals

The poor cold flow property is one of the main obstacle factors in affecting the utilization of high-proportional biodiesel blends in engines. In this study, methcyclohexyl methacrylate-methacrylate copolymers (MCHMA-R1MC, R1 = C12, C14, C16, C18) were synthesized at various molar ratios by radical polymerization and characterized by FTIR, GPC, and 1H NMR. Their structures and properties areanalyzed and characterized by FTIR, GPC, and 1H NMR. The resulting copolymers were tested as the cold flow improver in terms of cold filter plugging point (CFPP) and solid point (SP) measurement for treated and untreated B20 biodiesel blends (20 vol.% biodiesel + 80 vol.% diesel). Results showed that the CFPP and SP of B20 decreased to a varied extent after MCHMA-R1MC treatment. When the monomer ratio of is 1:7, MCHMA-C14MC (1:7) proved the greatest depression in CFPP and SP of B20 by 18 and 25℃ at 2000 ppm dosage. The effects of MCHMA-R1MC copolymers on crystal behavior was studied through polarizing optical microscope(POM), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and viscosity-temperature curves. The results indicated that MCHMA-C14MC could effectively delay the aggregation of wax crystals and change their crystalline behavior by changing the shape of the crystals and inhibiting the formation of large wax crystals, and then lower the low-temperature viscosity of biodiesel blends and make it exhibiting better cold flow properties.

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