ChemInform Abstract: The Reduction of Nitriles to Aldehydes: Applications of Raney Nickel/Sodium Hypophosphite Monohydrate, of Raney Nickel/Formic Acid or Raney(Ni/Al)alloy/Formic Acid

ChemInform ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Staskun ◽  
Theodorus van Es
Tetrahedron ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 53 (38) ◽  
pp. 12883-12894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manabu Node ◽  
Kiyoharu Nishide ◽  
Yukihiro Shigeta ◽  
Kenichi Obata ◽  
Hiroaki Shiraki ◽  
...  

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1218-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Robin ◽  
Michel Comtois ◽  
Anna Martel ◽  
René Lemieux ◽  
Amoy Kam Cheong ◽  
...  

The electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) of phenanthrene, anthracene, and naphthalene has been investigated under constant current at Raney nickel electrodes in a mixed aqueous organic medium. The influence of various parameters on the efficiency of the process determined by the current efficiency (a measure of the competition between hydrogenation and hydrogen evolution, the only two electrochemical processes occurring), the extent of hydrogenation (yield of octahydro-derivatives), and the conversion rate was studied with phenanthrene. The best conditions were ethylene glycol or propylene glycol as cosolvent containing between 1.5 to 5% of water, a neutral or slightly acidic medium containing boric acid (0.1 M) as buffer (initial pH of 2.6, final pH of 6.0–6.2), sodium chloride or tetrabutylammonium chloride as supporting electrolyte, a temperature of 80° C, and a current density of 42 to 84 mA/cm2. The most active electrodes (consisting of Raney Ni particles dispersed in a nickel matrix and surrounded by a layer of porous nickel) were obtained by leaching the dispersed alloy particles at 75 °C for 7 h in 30% aqueous sodium hydroxide. The electrohydrogenation stopped at derivatives with a single aromatic ring, namely the octahydrophenanthrenes, octahydroanthracenes, and tetralin. In a non-buffered medium, tetrahydrophenanthrene could be obtained with selectivities of 80% or better. Keywords: electrocatalytic hydrogenation, Raney nickel electrodes, phenanthrene, anthracene, naphthalene.


2010 ◽  
Vol 26-28 ◽  
pp. 293-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Feng Qin ◽  
Jiang Long ◽  
Feng Liu

The surface morphology and hardness of electroless Ni–P alloy plating on 6061 aluminum alloys substrate in an alkaline plating bath with sodium hypophosphite as reducing agent were investigated. The effects of bath pH on the plating rate, compositions and surface morphology of theelectroless Ni-P deposits were studied. The results showed the deposition rate of the electroless Ni–P deposits increased with the rise of the bath pH, while the P content decreased. Scanning electron microcopy (SEM) of the deposits showed nodular structure for the deposits. Hardness data of the Ni-P coatings indicated that electroless Ni–P plating could obviously improve the hardness of 6061aluminum alloy.


ChemInform ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Song-Liang Tan ◽  
Guo-Bin Liu ◽  
Xiang Gao ◽  
Thies Thiemann
Keyword(s):  
Al Alloy ◽  
Raney Ni ◽  

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1651-1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo‐Bin Liu ◽  
Hong‐Yun Zhao ◽  
Jia‐Da Zhu ◽  
Hong‐Jie He ◽  
Hong‐Jie Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Al Alloy ◽  

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 1741-1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Taurins ◽  
Virginia Tan Khouw

Isothiazolo[3,4-b]pyridine was synthesized from 2-aminonicotinonitrile in three steps: by the reaction with ammonia and hydrogen sulfide to produce 2-aminothionicotinamide; oxidative cyclization with hydrogen peroxide to give 3-aminoisothiazolo[3,4-b]pyridine, followed by diazotization and reduction with hypophosphorous acid. 3-Aminoisothiazolo[4,3-b]pyridine was prepared in a similar way from 3-aminopicolinonitrile via 3-aminothiopicolinamide. Isothiazolo[5,4-b]pyridine was synthesized from 2-chloronicotinonitrile in three steps: by the reduction with formic acid in the presence of Raney nickel to obtain 2-chloronicotinaldehyde; transformation of the latter into 2-thiocyanonicotinaldehyde; and finally cyclization with ammonia to obtain isothiazolo[5,4-b]pyridine. 3-Methylisothiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine was prepared by cyclization of 4-acetyl-3-thiocyanopyridine with ammonia. N.m.r. and u.v. spectra of the isothiazolopyridines, their derivatives, and the pyridine intermediates were recorded and interpreted.


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