ChemInform Abstract: Aflastatin A, a Novel Inhibitor of Aflatoxin Production by Aflatoxigenic Fungi.

ChemInform ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (30) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
M. ONO ◽  
S. SAKUDA ◽  
A. SUZUKI ◽  
A. ISOGAI
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Aflatoxigenic Fungi

scholarly journals Impact of bioactive packaging systems based on EVOH films and essential oils in the control of aflatoxigenic fungi and aflatoxin production in maize

2017 ◽  
Vol 254 ◽  
pp. 36-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva M. Mateo ◽  
José V. Gómez ◽  
Irene Domínguez ◽  
Jose V. Gimeno-Adelantado ◽  
Rufino Mateo-Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Aflatoxigenic Fungi

Palm Kernel: A Potential Substrate for Rapid Detection of Aflatoxigenic Fungi

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. O. Atanda ◽  
I. Akpan ◽  
E. R. Rati ◽  
M. Ozoje
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Aflatoxigenic Fungi ◽  
Yellow Pigmentation ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Palm kernel is a cheap natural resource which is abundantly available in the tropics, parts of Asia and South and Central America. A culture medium was developed by incorporating fresh palm kernel extract for the detection of aflatoxigenic fungi. Aflatoxin positive isolates of Aspergilliexhibited a characteristic blue or blue green fluorescence of agar under long wave UV light against a pink background which was confirmed by thin layer chromatography. As compared to conventional desiccated coconut agar, the fluorescent nature of the medium, the intensity and diffusion of the hot water soluble fluorescent compounds of the fungus was unique on this medium. The optimal pH and temperature conditions of aflatoxin production were 7 and 30 ºC respectively. Additives (synthetic and natural) either had no effect or adversely affected the fluorescence of the medium. Aflatoxin detection was possible within 36h in palm kernel broth compared to 40 h in coconut broth. The optimal time of production of fluorescence was 44 h on palm kernel agar compared to 48 h on the conventional medium. Further tests with isolates from different sources showed that yellow pigmentation, fluorescence and aflatoxins were complementary thus obviating the need for UV light. It is thus possible to presumptively identify aflatoxin positive isolates.

scholarly journals Development of an ELISA-Based Method for Testing Aflatoxigenicity and Aflatoxigenic Variability among Aspergillus species in Culture

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lagat Kipkemboi Micah ◽  
Faith Jebet Toroitich ◽  
Meshack Amos Obonyo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Visual Color ◽  
Aflatoxigenic Fungi ◽  
Maize Kernels ◽  
First Time

AbstractAflatoxins contaminate foodstuff posing a severe threat to human health because chronic exposure is linked to liver cancer while acute exposure may cause death. Therefore, it is of interest to reduce the contamination of crops by aflatoxins in the field and post-harvest. Among the current technologies being developed is the deployment of non-aflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus species to competitively exclude aflatoxigenic conspecifics from crops in the field thereby curtailing aflatoxin production by the former. The success in this endeavor makes the non-aflatoxigenic fungi good candidates for biological control programs. However, the current techniques for segregating non-aflatoxigenic from aflatoxigenic fungi suffer two main drawbacks: they are based on morphological and chemical tests with a combination of visual color changes detected in a culture plate which suffer some degree of inaccuracy. Secondly, the existing methods are incapable of accurately quantifying aflatoxin production by fungi in culture. We developed a culture system for inducing aflatoxin production by Aspergillus using maize kernels as growth substrate followed by quantification using ELISA. The method was compared to the Dichlorvos-Ammonia (DV-AM) method for determining aflatoxigenicity. Our findings encapsulate a method more robust than the currently used DV-AM approach because, for the first time, we are able to assess aflatoxigenicity and aflatoxigenic variability among Aspergillus species earlier classified as non-aflatoxigenic by the DV-AM method. Furthermore, the new method presents an opportunity to attribute toxin production by actively growing fungal cultures. We believe this method when further developed presents a chance to study and predict fungal behavior prior to field trials for biological control programs.

scholarly journals Aflastatin A, a Novel Inhibitor of Aflatoxin Production by Aflatoxigenic Fungi.

1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAKOTO ONO ◽  
SHOHEI SAKUDA ◽  
AKINORI SUZUKI ◽  
AKIRA ISOGAI
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Aflatoxigenic Fungi

scholarly journals Molecular Characterisation of Aflatoxigenic and Non-Aflatoxigenic Strains of Aspergillus Section Flavi Isolated from Imported Peanuts along the Supply Chain in Malaysia

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahror Norlia ◽  
Selamat Jinap ◽  
Mahmud Ab Rashid Nor-Khaizura ◽  
Son Radu ◽  
Cheow Keat Chin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Aflatoxin Biosynthesis ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Aspergillus Section Flavi ◽  
Aflatoxigenic Fungi ◽  
Tropical Weather ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries ◽  
Aspergillus Section

Peanuts are widely consumed in many local dishes in southeast Asian countries, especially in Malaysia which is one of the major peanut-importing countries in this region. Therefore, Aspergillus spp. and aflatoxin contamination in peanuts during storage are becoming major concerns due to the tropical weather in this region that favours the growth of aflatoxigenic fungi. The present study thus aimed to molecularly identify and characterise the Aspergillus section Flavi isolated from imported peanuts in Malaysia. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and β-tubulin sequences were used to confirm the species and determine the phylogenetic relationship among the isolates, while aflatoxin biosynthesis genes (aflR, aflP (omtA), aflD (nor-1), aflM (ver-1), and pksA) were targeted in a multiplex PCR to determine the toxigenic potential. A total of 76 and one isolates were confirmed as A. flavus and A. tamarii, respectively. The Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree resolved the species into two different clades in which all A. flavus (both aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic) were grouped in the same clade and A. tamarii was grouped in a different clade. The aflatoxin biosynthesis genes were detected in all aflatoxigenic A. flavus while the non-aflatoxigenic A. flavus failed to amplify at least one of the genes. The results indicated that both aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic A. flavus could survive in imported peanuts and, thus, appropriate storage conditions preferably with low temperature should be considered to avoid the re-emergence of aflatoxigenic A. flavus and the subsequent aflatoxin production in peanuts during storage.

Selected plant essential oils and their main active components, a promising approach to inhibit aflatoxigenic fungi and aflatoxin production in food

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1581-1595 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Vicente Gómez ◽  
Andrea Tarazona ◽  
Rufino Mateo-Castro ◽  
José Vicente Gimeno-Adelantado ◽  
Misericordia Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Aflatoxigenic Fungi

scholarly journals Biodiversity of Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus Species in Dairy Feeds in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Nleya ◽  
Lubanza Ngoma ◽  
Modupeade C. Adetunji ◽  
Mulunda Mwanza
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Aflatoxigenic Fungi ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Spent Grain ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Feed Samples

The presence of molds, especially certain species of Aspergillus, in food commodities may contribute to aflatoxin contamination. The aim of this study was to determine the biodiversity of Aspergillus species in dairy feeds from farms in select locations in Zimbabwe and assess their aflatoxin production potential using a polyphasic approach. A total of 96 feed samples were collected, which consisted of dairy feed concentrate, mixed ration, brewers’ spent grain, and grass from 13 farms during the dry season (August–October, 2016) and the following rainy season (January–March, 2017). A total of 199 presumptive isolates representing four sections from genus Aspergillus (Nigri, Fumigati, Flavi, and Circumdati) were recovered from the feeds. Section Flavi, which includes several aflatoxin producers, constituted 23% (n = 46) of the isolates. Species from this section were A. flavus, A. nomius, A. oryzae, A. parasiticus, and A. parvisclerotigenus, and 39 (84.4%) of these showed evidence of aflatoxin production in plate assays. Of the 46 section Flavi isolates examined, some lacked one or more of the five targeted aflatoxin cluster genes (aflD, aflR, aflS, aflM, and aflP). The presence of the five genes was as follows: aflD (76.9%), aflR (48.7%), aflS (74.4%), aflM (64.1%), and aflP (79.5%). This study highlights the species diversity of aflatoxigenic fungi that have the potential to contaminate different types of feed for dairy cows. Our findings underscore the importance of preventing contamination of feedstuffs by these fungi so that aflatoxins do not end up in the diets of consumers.

scholarly journals Control of Aflatoxigenic Molds by Antagonistic Microorganisms: Inhibitory Behaviors, Bioactive Compounds, Related Mechanisms, and Influencing Factors

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianfeng Ren ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Jin Mao ◽  
Peiwu Li
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Antagonistic Microorganisms ◽  
Aflatoxigenic Fungi ◽  
Food And Feed

Aflatoxin contamination has been causing great concern worldwide due to the major economic impact on crop production and their toxicological effects to human and animals. Contamination can occur in the field, during transportation, and also in storage. Post-harvest contamination usually derives from the pre-harvest infection of aflatoxigenic molds, especially aflatoxin-producing Aspergilli such as Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Many strategies preventing aflatoxigenic molds from entering food and feed chains have been reported, among which biological control is becoming one of the most praised strategies. The objective of this article is to review the biocontrol strategy for inhibiting the growth of and aflatoxin production by aflatoxigenic fungi. This review focuses on comparing inhibitory behaviors of different antagonistic microorganisms including various bacteria, fungi and yeasts. We also reviewed the bioactive compounds produced by microorganisms and the mechanisms leading to inhibition. The key factors influencing antifungal activities of antagonists are also discussed in this review.

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