scholarly journals Drug Oxidation by Cytochrome P450BM3: Metabolite Synthesis and Discovering New P450 Reaction Types

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (42) ◽  
pp. 15039-15047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinkun Ren ◽  
Jake A. Yorke ◽  
Emily Taylor ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Weihong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Oxidation ◽  
Metabolite Synthesis

Risk factors in elderly taking psychotropic drugs: Significance of genetic polymorphism in drug oxidation

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (sup28) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars F. Gram ◽  
Kim Brøsen ◽  
Søren H. Sindrup ◽  
Erik Skjelbo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Drug Oxidation

scholarly journals Microsomal Drug Oxidation

1973 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Erik Dybing
Keyword(s):  
Drug Oxidation

Drug Interactions with Warfarin: Studies with Dichloralphenazone, Chloral Hydrate and Phenazone (Antipyrine)

1971 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Breckenridge ◽  
M. L'E. Orme ◽  
S. Thorgeirsson ◽  
D. S. Davies ◽  
R. V. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Chloral Hydrate ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Protein Binding Sites ◽  
Drug Oxidation ◽  
State Plasma

1. Administration of dichloralphenazone, a complex of chloral hydrate and phenazone (antipyrine) caused a fall in steady-state plasma warfarin concentration and loss of anticoagulant control in five subjects. 2. This effect of dichloralphenazone is due to stimulation of the drug-oxidizing enzymes of the liver endoplasmic reticulum by antipyrine, the non-hypnotic part of the complex. Administration of antipyrine caused a fall in steady-state plasma warfarin concentration in five subjects, a shortening of the plasma warfarin half-life, with increased urinary excretion of the metabolites of 14C-labelled warfarin in two subjects and increased urinary excretion of 6β-hydroxycortisol which is formed in the liver endoplasmic reticulum. 3. Administration of chloral hydrate, the hypnotic part of dichloralphenazone, caused no change in anticoagulant control but a fall in steady-state plasma warfarin concentration in five subjects. This is due to the accumulation of trichloroacetic acid which displaces warfarin from plasma protein binding sites. 4. Individual differences in the extent of enzyme induction have been shown to be related to the subjects' rates of drug oxidation. 5. In the rat administration of dichloralphenazone and antipyrine, but not chloral hydrate, caused shortening of pentobarbitone sleeping time and of the plasma [14C]pentobarbitone half-life, shortening of the zoxazolamine paralysis time and increase in the maximal velocity of N-demethylation of ethylmorphine.

Engineering and application of P450 monooxygenases in pharmaceutical and metabolite synthesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill M Caswell ◽  
Maeve O’Neill ◽  
Steve JC Taylor ◽  
Thomas S Moody
Keyword(s):  
P450 Monooxygenases ◽  
Metabolite Synthesis

scholarly journals Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Low Temperatures on Proline, Pigments, and Phytochemicals Level in Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala)

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Valentina Ljubej ◽  
Erna Karalija ◽  
Branka Salopek-Sondi ◽  
Dunja Šamec
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Good Tolerance ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Metabolite Synthesis

Kale (Brassica oleracea var acephala) is known as a vegetable with good tolerance of environmental stress and numerous beneficial properties for human health, which are attributed to different phytochemicals. In the present study, investigation of how low temperatures affect proline, pigments and specialized metabolites content was performed using 8-weeks old kale plants subjected to chilling (at 8 °C, for 24 h) followed by short freezing (at −8 °C, for 1 h after previous acclimation at 8 °C, for 23 h). Plants growing at 21 °C served as a control. In both groups of plants (exposed to low temperatures and exposed to short freezing) a significant increase in proline content (14% and 49%, respectively) was recorded. Low temperatures (8 °C) induced an increase of pigments (total chlorophylls 7%) and phytochemicals (phenolic acids 3%; flavonoids 5%; carotenoids 15%; glucosinolates 21%) content, while exposure to freezing showed a different trend dependent upon observed parameter. After freezing, the content of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and total phenolic acids retained similar levels as in control plants and amounted to 14.65 ± 0.36 mg dw g−1, 2.58 ± 0.05 mg dw g−1 and 13.75 ± 0.07 mg dw CEA g−1, respectively. At the freezing temperature, total polyphenol content increased 13% and total flavonoids and glucosinolates content decreased 21% and 54%, respectively. Our results suggest that acclimatization (23 h at 8 °C) of kale plants can be beneficial for the accumulation of pigments and phytochemicals, while freezing temperatures affect differently specialized metabolite synthesis. The study suggests that growing temperature during kale cultivation must be considered as an important parameter for producers that are orientated towards production of crops with an increasing content of health-related compounds.

scholarly journals Lilium Regale Wilson WRKY3 Modulates an Antimicrobial Peptide Gene, Lrdef1, During Response to Fusarium Oxysporum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zie Wang ◽  
Jie Deng ◽  
Tingting Liang ◽  
Linlin Su ◽  
Lilei Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Lilium Regale ◽  
Expression Activity ◽  
Metabolite Synthesis ◽  
Lilium Regale Wilson ◽  
Peptide Gene ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Abstract Background: WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play vital roles in plant growth and development, secondary metabolite synthesis, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In a previous transcriptome sequencing analysis of Lilium regale Wilson, we identified multiple WRKY TFs that respond to exogenous methyl jasmonate treatment and lily Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum).Results: In the present study, the WRKY TF LrWRKY3 was further analyzed to reveal its function in defense response to F. oxysporum. The LrWRKY3 protein was localized in the plant cell nucleus, and LrWRKY3 transgenic tobacco lines showed higher resistance to F. oxysporum compared with wild-type (WT) tobacco. In addition, some genes related to jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis, salicylic acid (SA) signal transduction, and disease resistance had higher transcriptional levels in the LrWRKY3 transgenic tobacco lines than in the WT. On the contrary, L. regale scales transiently expressing LrWRKY3 RNA interference fragments showed higher sensitivity to F. oxysporum infection. Moreover, a F. oxysporum-induced defensin gene, Def1, was isolated from L. regale, and the recombinant protein LrDef1 isolated and purified from Escherichia coli possessed antifungal activity to several phytopathogens, including F. oxysporum. Furthermore, co-expression of LrWRKY3 and the LrDef1 promoter in tobacco evidently up-regulated the expression activity of the LrDef1 promoter.Conclusions: These results clearly indicate that LrWRKY3 is an important positive regulator in response to F. oxysporum infection, and one of its targets is the antimicrobial peptide gene LrDef1.

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