Probing the Different Life Stages of a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Particle with Integrated Laser and Electron Microscopy

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3846-3859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthia A. Karreman ◽  
Inge L. C. Buurmans ◽  
Alexandra V. Agronskaia ◽  
John W. Geus ◽  
Hans C. Gerritsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Life Stages

Integrated Laser and Electron Microscopy Correlates Structure of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Particles to Brønsted Acidity

2011 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 1457-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthia A. Karreman ◽  
Inge L. C. Buurmans ◽  
John W. Geus ◽  
Alexandra V. Agronskaia ◽  
Javier Ruiz-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Brønsted Acidity ◽  
Brönsted Acidity

scholarly journals Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Iron Oxide Poisoning in Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1378-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Tang ◽  
D Cullen ◽  
D Coffey ◽  
M Allahverdi ◽  
W Reagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cracking Catalysts

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2011 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA, August 7–August 11, 2011.

Structural Changes in Deactivated Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts Determined by Electron Microscopy

ACS Catalysis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 4591-4599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Krumeich ◽  
Johannes Ihli ◽  
YuYing Shu ◽  
Wu-Cheng Cheng ◽  
Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Cracking Catalysts

Integrated Laser and Electron Microscopy Correlates Structure of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Particles to Brønsted Acidity

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1428-1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthia A. Karreman ◽  
Inge L. C. Buurmans ◽  
John W. Geus ◽  
Alexandra V. Agronskaia ◽  
Javier Ruiz-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Brønsted Acidity ◽  
Brönsted Acidity

An analytical microscopic study of metals in fluidized catalytic cracking catalyst

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 854-855
Author(s):  
Clifford S. Rainey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Coke Formation ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Y Zeolite ◽  
Fcc Catalyst ◽  
Fluidized Catalytic Cracking ◽  
High Regeneration

The spatial distribution of V and Ni deposited within fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst is studied because these metals contribute to catalyst deactivation. Y zeolite in FCC microspheres are high SiO2 aluminosilicates with molecular-sized channels that contain a mixture of lanthanoids. They must withstand high regeneration temperatures and retain acid sites needed for cracking of hydrocarbons, a process essential for efficient gasoline production. Zeolite in combination with V to form vanadates, or less diffusion in the channels due to coke formation, may deactivate catalyst. Other factors such as metal "skins", microsphere sintering, and attrition may also be involved. SEM of FCC fracture surfaces, AEM of Y zeolite, and electron microscopy of this work are developed to better understand and minimize catalyst deactivation.

scholarly journals Research on Hazardous Waste Removal Management: Identification of the Hazardous Characteristics of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Spent Catalysts

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2289
Author(s):  
Haihui Fu ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Tingting Liu ◽  
Xuemei Zhu ◽  
Yufei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Petroleum Refining ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Refining Industry ◽  
Spent Catalyst ◽  
Spent Catalysts ◽  
Petroleum Refining Industry

Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) spent catalysts are the most common catalysts produced by the petroleum refining industry in China. The National Hazardous Waste List (2016 edition) lists FCC spent catalysts as hazardous waste, but this listing is very controversial in the petroleum refining industry. This study collects samples of waste catalysts from seven domestic catalytic cracking units without antimony-based passivation agents and identifies their hazardous characteristics. FCC spent catalysts do not have the characteristics of flammability, corrosiveness, reactivity, or infectivity. Based on our analysis of the components and production process of the FCC spent catalysts, we focused on the hazardous characteristic of toxicity. Our results show that the leaching toxicity of the heavy metal pollutants nickel, copper, lead, and zinc in the FCC spent catalyst samples did not exceed the hazardous waste identification standards. Assuming that the standards for antimony and vanadium leachate are 100 times higher than that of the surface water and groundwater environmental quality standards, the leaching concentration of antimony and vanadium in the FCC spent catalyst of the G set of installations exceeds the standard, which may affect the environmental quality of surface water or groundwater. The quantities of toxic substances in all spent FCC catalysts, except those from G2, does not exceed the standard. The acute toxicity of FCC spent catalysts in all installations does not exceed the standard. Therefore, we exclude “waste catalysts from catalytic cracking units without antimony-based passivating agent passivation nickel agent” from the “National Hazardous Waste List.”

Combined mild hydrocracking and fluid catalytic cracking process for efficient conversion of light cycle oil into high-quality gasoline

Fuel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 120364
Author(s):  
Peipei Miao ◽  
Xiaolin Zhu ◽  
Yangling Guo ◽  
Jie Miao ◽  
Mengyun Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Light Cycle ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Light Cycle Oil ◽  
Efficient Conversion ◽  
Cycle Oil ◽  
Cracking Process

scholarly journals Assessment of the Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Concrete Comprising Fly Ash and Fluid Catalytic Cracking Residue as Aluminosilicate Precursor

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3032
Author(s):  
Tuan Anh Le ◽  
Sinh Hoang Le ◽  
Thuy Ninh Nguyen ◽  
Khoa Tan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
High Alumina ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Sem Images

The use of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) by-products as aluminosilicate precursors in geopolymer binders has attracted significant interest from researchers in recent years owing to their high alumina and silica contents. Introduced in this study is the use of geopolymer concrete comprising FCC residue combined with fly ash as the requisite source of aluminosilicate. Fly ash was replaced with various FCC residue contents ranging from 0–100% by mass of binder. Results from standard testing methods showed that geopolymer concrete rheological properties such as yield stress and plastic viscosity as well as mechanical properties including compressive strength, flexural strength, and elastic modulus were affected significantly by the FCC residue content. With alkali liquid to geopolymer solid ratios (AL:GS) of 0.4 and 0.5, a reduction in compressive and flexural strength was observed in the case of geopolymer concrete with increasing FCC residue content. On the contrary, geopolymer concrete with increasing FCC residue content exhibited improved strength with an AL:GS ratio of 0.65. Relationships enabling estimation of geopolymer elastic modulus based on compressive strength were investigated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed that the final product from the geopolymerization process consisting of FCC residue was similar to fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. These observations highlight the potential of FCC residue as an aluminosilicate source for geopolymer products.

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