scholarly journals Biomass‐derived nonprecious metal catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction: The demand‐oriented engineering of active sites and structures

Carbon Energy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Du ◽  
Gaixia Zhang ◽  
Xianhu Liu ◽  
Amir Hassanpour ◽  
Marc Dubois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Metal Catalysts ◽  
Nonprecious Metal

Recent Advances in Nonprecious Metal Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Fuel Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1769-1776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuguang Li ◽  
Branko N. Popov ◽  
Takeo Kawahara ◽  
Hiroyuki Yanagi
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Metal Catalysts ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Nonprecious Metal

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Single-Atom Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxing Han ◽  
Juanjuan Bian ◽  
Chunwen Sun
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Noble Metal ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Metal Catalysts ◽  
Single Atom ◽  
Noble Metal Catalysts ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Platinum Group

Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) plays significant roles in electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems as well as clean synthesis of fine chemicals. However, the ORR process shows sluggish kinetics and requires platinum-group noble metal catalysts to accelerate the reaction. The high cost, rare reservation, and unsatisfied durability significantly impede large-scale commercialization of platinum-based catalysts. Single-atom electrocatalysts (SAECs) featuring with well-defined structure, high intrinsic activity, and maximum atom efficiency have emerged as a novel field in electrocatalytic science since it is promising to substitute expensive platinum-group noble metal catalysts. However, finely fabricating SAECs with uniform and highly dense active sites, fully maximizing the utilization efficiency of active sites, and maintaining the atomically isolated sites as single-atom centers under harsh electrocatalytic conditions remain urgent challenges. In this review, we summarized recent advances of SAECs in synthesis, characterization, oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance, and applications in ORR-related H2O2 production, metal-air batteries, and low-temperature fuel cells. Relevant progress on tailoring the coordination structure of isolated metal centers by doping other metals or ligands, enriching the concentration of single-atom sites by increasing metal loadings, and engineering the porosity and electronic structure of the support by optimizing the mass and electron transport are also reviewed. Moreover, general strategies to synthesize SAECs with high metal loadings on practical scale are highlighted, the deep learning algorithm for rational design of SAECs is introduced, and theoretical understanding of active-site structures of SAECs is discussed as well. Perspectives on future directions and remaining challenges of SAECs are presented.

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