Dependence of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit Performance on H‐Oil Severity, Catalyst Activity, and Coke Selectivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 2266-2276
Author(s):  
Dicho Stratiev ◽  
Ivelina Shishkova ◽  
Mihail Ivanov ◽  
Ivan Chavdarov ◽  
Dobromir Yordanov
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Unit Performance

Impact of H-Oil vacuum residue hydrocracking severity on fluid catalytic cracking unit performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-573
Author(s):  
Dicho Stratiev ◽  
Ivelina Shishkova ◽  
Vasil Yankov ◽  
Ilian Kolev ◽  
Magdalena Mitkova
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Vacuum Residue ◽  
Unit Performance

Sulphur reduction in fluid catalytic cracking using a kaolin in situ crystallization catalyst modified with vanadium

Clay Minerals ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Li Dai ◽  
Shu-Qin Zheng ◽  
Dong Qian
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Lewis Acidity ◽  
Sulphur Reduction ◽  
In Situ Crystallization

AbstractSulphur reduction catalysts represent a viable option for S reduction in the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process. In this paper, a kaolin in situ crystallization catalyst was modified with vanadium and evaluated in a fixed fluid bed (FFB) reactor. The relation between the acidity of the catalyst, the S reduction rate and the catalyst activity is discussed. The results show that increasing weak Lewis acid acidity favours S reduction in the FCC process. Increasing the V content enhances the weak Lewis acidity, so causing the S reduction rate to increase. The kaolin in situ crystallization catalyst modified with 0.6 wt.% of V leads to a 34.5% reduction in the S content of the liquid product. Comprehensive evaluation of the FFB results and the S reduction ability indicates that the catalyst modified with 0.45 wt.% V provided the best performance.

Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit Performance Improvement by Application of the Topsoe Aroshift Technology

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (23) ◽  
pp. 7691-7694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dicho S. Stratiev ◽  
Ivelina Shishkova ◽  
Per Zeuthen ◽  
Peter Vistisen
Keyword(s):  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Unit Performance

Numerical Simulation of an Industrial Fluid Catalytic Cracking Regenerator

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangwu Tang ◽  
Armin Silaen ◽  
Bin Wu ◽  
Chenn Q. Zhou ◽  
Dwight Agnello-Dean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Catalyst Surface ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Cylindrical Vessel ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Momentum Exchange ◽  
Two Phases

Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is one of the most important conversion processes in petroleum refineries, and FCC regenerator is a key part of an FCC unit to recover the solid catalyst activity by burning off the deposited coke on the catalyst surface. In modern FCC units, regenerator is a cylindrical vessel. Carrier gas transports the solid catalyst from the stripper and feeds the catalyst into the regenerator through catalyst distributors. The catalyst is fluidized by the air that is injected into the regenerator through air rings in the bottom part of the cylindrical vessel. A three-dimensional multi-phase, multi-species reacting flow computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was established to simulate the flow inside an FCC regenerator. The two phases involved in the flow are gas phase and solid phase. The Euler-Euler approach, where the two phases are considered to be continuous and fully inter-penetrating, is employed. The model includes gas-solid momentum exchange, gas-solid heat exchange, gas-solid mass exchange, and chemical reactions. Chemical reactions incorporated into the model simulate the combustion of coke which is present on the catalyst surface. The simulation results show a good agreement with plant data.

Modelling Catalyst Deactivation by External Coke Deposition during Fluid Catalytic Cracking

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gladys Jiménez-García ◽  
Roberto Quintana-Solórzano ◽  
Ricardo Aguilar-López ◽  
Rafael Maya-Yescas
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Effective Diffusivity ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Coke Deposition ◽  
Negative Exponential Function ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Laboratory Reactor ◽  
Negative Exponential

Although the Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) is an economic important process, simulation of its kinetics is rather empirical—mainly it is a consequence of the complex interactions among operating variables and the complex kinetics that take place. A crucial issue is the inevitable catalyst reversible deactivation, consequence of both, coke (by-product) deposition on the catalyst surface (external) and inside the catalytic zeolite (internal). In order to tackle this problem, two main proposals to evaluate deactivation rate by coking have been extensively applied, both use a probability distribution function called "the negative exponential function"—one of them uses the time that catalyst has been in the reacting stream (named Time-on-Stream), and the other is related to the coke amount on/inside the catalyst (denoted as Coke-on-Catalyst). These two deactivation models can be unified by tracking catalyst activity as function of the decrease on effective diffusivity due to pore occlusion (external) by coke—this situation leads to an increase of Thiele modules and consequently a decrease of the effectiveness factor of each reaction. This tracking of catalyst activity incorporates, implicitly, rates of reaction and transport phenomena taking place in the catalyst pores and is therefore phenomenological rather than statistical. In this work, the activity profiles predicted previously are reproduced at MAT laboratory reactor. The same approach is used to model an industrial riser and the results are in agreement with previous reports.

scholarly journals Research on Hazardous Waste Removal Management: Identification of the Hazardous Characteristics of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Spent Catalysts

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2289
Author(s):  
Haihui Fu ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Tingting Liu ◽  
Xuemei Zhu ◽  
Yufei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Petroleum Refining ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Refining Industry ◽  
Spent Catalyst ◽  
Spent Catalysts ◽  
Petroleum Refining Industry

Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) spent catalysts are the most common catalysts produced by the petroleum refining industry in China. The National Hazardous Waste List (2016 edition) lists FCC spent catalysts as hazardous waste, but this listing is very controversial in the petroleum refining industry. This study collects samples of waste catalysts from seven domestic catalytic cracking units without antimony-based passivation agents and identifies their hazardous characteristics. FCC spent catalysts do not have the characteristics of flammability, corrosiveness, reactivity, or infectivity. Based on our analysis of the components and production process of the FCC spent catalysts, we focused on the hazardous characteristic of toxicity. Our results show that the leaching toxicity of the heavy metal pollutants nickel, copper, lead, and zinc in the FCC spent catalyst samples did not exceed the hazardous waste identification standards. Assuming that the standards for antimony and vanadium leachate are 100 times higher than that of the surface water and groundwater environmental quality standards, the leaching concentration of antimony and vanadium in the FCC spent catalyst of the G set of installations exceeds the standard, which may affect the environmental quality of surface water or groundwater. The quantities of toxic substances in all spent FCC catalysts, except those from G2, does not exceed the standard. The acute toxicity of FCC spent catalysts in all installations does not exceed the standard. Therefore, we exclude “waste catalysts from catalytic cracking units without antimony-based passivating agent passivation nickel agent” from the “National Hazardous Waste List.”

Combined mild hydrocracking and fluid catalytic cracking process for efficient conversion of light cycle oil into high-quality gasoline

Fuel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 120364
Author(s):  
Peipei Miao ◽  
Xiaolin Zhu ◽  
Yangling Guo ◽  
Jie Miao ◽  
Mengyun Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Light Cycle ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Light Cycle Oil ◽  
Efficient Conversion ◽  
Cycle Oil ◽  
Cracking Process

scholarly journals Assessment of the Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Concrete Comprising Fly Ash and Fluid Catalytic Cracking Residue as Aluminosilicate Precursor

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3032
Author(s):  
Tuan Anh Le ◽  
Sinh Hoang Le ◽  
Thuy Ninh Nguyen ◽  
Khoa Tan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
High Alumina ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Sem Images

The use of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) by-products as aluminosilicate precursors in geopolymer binders has attracted significant interest from researchers in recent years owing to their high alumina and silica contents. Introduced in this study is the use of geopolymer concrete comprising FCC residue combined with fly ash as the requisite source of aluminosilicate. Fly ash was replaced with various FCC residue contents ranging from 0–100% by mass of binder. Results from standard testing methods showed that geopolymer concrete rheological properties such as yield stress and plastic viscosity as well as mechanical properties including compressive strength, flexural strength, and elastic modulus were affected significantly by the FCC residue content. With alkali liquid to geopolymer solid ratios (AL:GS) of 0.4 and 0.5, a reduction in compressive and flexural strength was observed in the case of geopolymer concrete with increasing FCC residue content. On the contrary, geopolymer concrete with increasing FCC residue content exhibited improved strength with an AL:GS ratio of 0.65. Relationships enabling estimation of geopolymer elastic modulus based on compressive strength were investigated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed that the final product from the geopolymerization process consisting of FCC residue was similar to fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. These observations highlight the potential of FCC residue as an aluminosilicate source for geopolymer products.

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