Parenting styles and beliefs about parental authority

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 (66) ◽  
pp. 21-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith G. Smetana
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Parental Authority

Development and Validation of a Short Version of the Parental Authority Questionnaire

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1193-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain Alkharusi ◽  
Said Aldhafri ◽  
Ali Kazem ◽  
Abdulqawi Alzubiadi ◽  
Muna Al-Bahrani
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Parental Authority ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Validation Sample ◽  
School Students ◽  
Permissive Parenting ◽  
Parental Authority Questionnaire ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Better Than

A short version of Buri's (1991) 30-item Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ), a widely used measure of Baumrind's (1971) model of authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting styles, has been developed in this study. The participants were 3,025 middle and high school students from Oman. The sample was randomly divided into 2 subsamples. The first sample (N = 1,504) was used for the development of the short version, and the second sample (N = 1,521) served as the validation sample. The results indicate that a reduced 20-item PAQ fit the data better than the 30-item PAQ. The short version evidenced adequate validity and internal consistency. It was discussed and confirmed that the short version of the PAQ utilizes Baumrind's model of parenting styles as well as the original long version of the PAQ, and functions appropriately. This result is consistent with previous research.

scholarly journals Peran Perfeksionisme Orientasi Diri dalam Memediasi Pengaruh Gaya Pengasuhan Orang Tua terhadap Efikasi Diri Keputusan Karier Siswa

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Annisa Nurul Utami ◽  
Puji Lestari Suharso ◽  
Rose Mini Agoes Salim
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Career Decision ◽  
Parental Authority ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Authoritative Parenting ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Parental Authority Questionnaire ◽  
Process Macro

This present study aimed to analyze the role of self-oriented perfectionism in mediating the effect of fathers’ and mothers’ parenting styles on Career Decision Self-Efficacy (CDSE) among students in Grade 11 Senior High School. The participants of the study comprised 179 students who were selected through convenience sampling method. This study employed three instruments, namely Career Decision Self-Efficacy Short Form, Parental Authority Questionnaire, and Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. Data were analyzed by Hayes’s PROCESS Macro. Generally, the results show that fathers’ permissive parenting and mothers’ authoritarian parenting have an influence on the degree of CDSE among students which is mediated by self-oriented perfectionism. Moreover, the effect of fathers’ authoritative parenting predicts CDSE directly without the mediation effect of self-oriented perfectionism, whilst mothers’ authoritative parenting influences CDSE both directly and indirectly. Therefore, considering the actualization of proper parenting styles is necessary in order to build perfectionism personality which supports students’ effectiveness in career decision making.Keywords: Career decision self-efficacy, parenting styles, self-oriented perfectionism, studentsAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran perfeksionisme orientasi diri dalam memediasi pengaruh gaya pengasuhan ayah dan ibu terhadap Efikasi Keputusan Diri Keputusan Karir (Career Decision Self-Efficacy/CDSE)  siswa kelas XI SMA. Sebanyak 178 partisipan terkumpul melalui teknik convenience sampling dalam pengisian tiga macam skala, yaitu Career Decision Self-Efficacy Short Form, Parental Authority Questionnaire, dan Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale yang sudah dilakukan adaptasi ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan PROCESS Macro dari Hayes. Secara umum, hasil uji menemukan bahwa gaya pengasuhan permisif ayah dan gaya pengasuhan otoriter ibu berpengaruh terhadap tingkat CDSE siswa melalui perfeksionisme orientasi diri. Sementara itu, pengaruh dari gaya pengasuhan otoritatif ayah terhadap tingkat CDSE siswa hanya terjadi secara langsung. Adapun pengaruh dari gaya pengasuhan otoritatif ibu terhadap tingkat CDSE siswa dapat terjadi baik secara langsung atau tidak langsung melalui mediasi perfeksionisme orientasi diri. Untuk itu, dengan penerapan gaya pengasuhan yang tepat, perkembangan pribadi perfeksionisme siswa dapat mendukung kenaikan efektivitas keputusan karier masa depan.

scholarly journals Pola asuh orang tua pada remaja dengan kecanduan internet

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-175
Author(s):  
Janet Tri Bibelia ◽  
Nur Oktavia Hidayati ◽  
Irman Somantri
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Parental Authority ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Keywords Internet ◽  
Parental Authority Questionnaire ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

Parenting Style among Teenagers with an Internet Addiction Background: Teenagers are transition from childhood to adulthood which is a period of crisis against maladaptive risks, such as internet addiction. One of the external factors that most influences internet addiction in teenagers is parenting style.Purpose: To describe the parenting style among teenagers with an internet addiction.Method: A quantitative descriptive with a cross-sectional approach. The population was all students in grades of X and XI grade senior high school of Jatinangor, and samples were taken by purposive sampling with criteria of experiencing internet addiction, have complete parents, and living with parents with a total sample of 100 students. Data collection by using an instrument of Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) which has translated in bahasa and tested for its validity with coefficient ≤ 0.300, and its reliability with of Alpha Cronbach ≤ 0.700. The results were analyzed by univariate.Results: The research showed that authoritative father’s parenting style perceived by teenagers (38%), authoritative mother’s parenting style perceived by teenagers (43%), authoritarian father’s parenting style perceived by teenagers (25%), authoritarian mother’s parenting style perceived by teenagers (28%), permissive father’s parenting style perceived by teenagers (28%), and permissive mother’s parenting style perceived by teenagers (16%).Conclusion: Most of the parenting styles perceived by adolescents with internet addiction are democratic maternal. Keywords: Internet addiction; Parent style; Teenagers. Pendahuluan: Masa remaja merupakan masa transisi dari anak-anak menuju  dewasa yang merupakan masa krisis terhadap risiko maladaptif, seperti kecanduan internet. Salah satu faktor eksternal yang paling mempengaruhi kecanduan internet pada remaja ialah pola asuh..Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran pola asuh orang tua pada remaja dengan kecanduan internet.Metode: Penelitian deskriptif-kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini ialah seluruh siswa kelas X dan XI SMA Negeri Jatinangor, sebanyak 838 siswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah purposive sampling dengan kriteria inklusi mengalami kecanduan internet, orang tua lengkap dan tinggal bersama orang tua dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 siswa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan Instrumen Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) yang telah dialih bahasakan dan diuji validitasnya dengan nilai koefisien ≤ 0.300, serta reliabilitasnya dengan nilai Alpha Cronbach≤ 0.700. Hasil penelitian dianalisis  dengan teknik analisis univariat.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola asuh ayah demokratis yang dipersepsikan remaja (38%), pola asuh ibu demokratis yang dipersepsikan remaja (43%), pola asuh ayah otoriter yang dipersepsikan remaja (25%), pola asuh ibu otoriter yang dipersepsikan remaja (28%), pola asuh ayah permisif yang dipersepsikan remaja (28%), dan pola asuh ibu permisif yang dipersepsikan remaja (16%).Simpulan: Sebagian besar pola asuh yang dipersepsikan remaja dengan kecanduan internet adalah pola asuh ibu demokratis.

scholarly journals Maternal and Paternal Authority Styles and Developmental Outcomes: An Investigation of University Students in Turkey and the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-168
Author(s):  
Hamide Gozu ◽  
Joan Newman ◽  
Kimberly Colvin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Parental Authority ◽  
Perceived Parenting ◽  
Authoritarian Parenting ◽  
American Students ◽  
The Us ◽  
Using Data

Using data from undergraduates in both Turkey and the United States, we examined cultural differences in the perceived parenting authority styles and the links between perceived parenting authority styles, academic achievement, and self-esteem. We also examined the separate contributions of fathers and mothers in each country. A total of 423 undergraduates (196 from Turkey and 227 from the US) completed the Buri Parent Authority Questionnaire to report on the parenting styles of their parents. They also reported on their own college GPA and completed the Rosenberg self-esteem measure. Some adjustment of the parenting scales was needed in order to achieve cross-cultural measurement invariance. Our study revealed that there were differences of parental style both between and within the two countries. Fathers were reported to be more authoritarian than mothers, and mothers to be more authoritative. Higher levels of authoritarian parenting by fathers was found in the American data. Some parental authority measures were associated with the students’ self-esteem, and all of these involved paternal authority. Paternal authoritarian parenting was negatively associated with the students’ self-esteem in the Turkish data, with paternal authoritative parenting positively associated with the self-esteem of the American students only. The study’s findings suggest that researchers should not ignore differences in parental authority style between mothers and fathers, nor differences between different countries. In particular, the role of fathers should not be overlooked.

Beliefs about parental authority, parenting styles, and parent-adolescent conflict among Iranian mothers of middle adolescents

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 424-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Assadi ◽  
Judith Smetana ◽  
Nazila Shahmansouri ◽  
Mohammad Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Parental Authority ◽  
Authoritative Parenting ◽  
Adolescent Parent ◽  
Broad Variation ◽  
Adolescent Conflict ◽  
Parent Conflict ◽  
Personal Jurisdiction

Associations among parenting styles, parental authority beliefs, and adolescent—parent conflict were examined in 426 mothers of middle adolescents from 3 cities in Iran. Consistent with past research, mothers judged parental authority as less legitimate for personal than for conventional or prudential issues. Poorer, less educated mothers were more authoritarian in their parenting, and more authoritarian and less authoritative parenting and poorer maternal mental health were uniquely associated with more frequent and more intense conflicts. Conflicts were more frequent among mothers who evaluated parental authority as less legitimate for prudential issues and more legitimate for personal issues, particularly among mothers of boys. Despite broad variation in mothers’ education and social class, conflicts reflected concerns about drawing boundaries between mothers’ legitimate authority and adolescents’ personal jurisdiction.

scholarly journals Parenting Styles

Psychology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Psychological Control ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Parenting Behaviors ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Parental Authority ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Attitudes And Practices

Parenting styles reflect variations in the attitudes and practices of parents, and comprise discrete parenting behaviors. “Parenting style” refers to a cluster of parental practices that produce relatively stable and identifiable patterns in child adjustment outcomes. Parental authority is a key concept within parenting styles research, and refers to the type and extent of discipline used by parents in carrying out parental authority (i.e., behavioral control versus psychological control). Research on parenting evolved out of an increased interest in leadership styles, and particularly authoritarian personality, that emerged following World War II. The dimensions underlying leadership styles could be applied to parenting, and several researchers were simultaneously engaged in examining the dimensions underlying parenting behaviors. It was not until Diana Baumrind introduced her parenting styles typology in 1966 that research on parenting styles coalesced. Baumrind’s typology borrowed the terms authoritarian and permissive parenting from the leadership literature, and introduced the concept of authoritative parenting to the parenting research lexicon. Since its introduction, the parenting styles typology has expanded to specify two underlying dimensions of parenting that combine in various ways to result in four rather than three original types, as well as to identify a series of subtypes reflecting moderate levels of the two dimensions. This change in the typology increased its external validity, and led to an interest in examining the applicability of the typology in diverse socioeconomic, racial/ethnic, and cultural groups. The typology has also been used to understand a relatively new trend in parenting, commonly referred to as helicopter parenting, and to examine its consequences for children at a variety of developmental stages, particularly during emergent adulthood. One consequence of parenting styles that has received a lot of research attention is narcissism. Baumrind’s typology continues to serve as the classic nomenclature within parenting styles research, and has dominated the parent-child research agenda, appearing in some capacity in most parenting studies to this day.

Parenting and Adolescents’ Sexual Development in Western Societies

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanneke de Graaf ◽  
Ine Vanwesenbeeck ◽  
Liesbeth Woertman ◽  
Wim Meeus
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Psychosexual Development ◽  
First Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Parenting Influences ◽  
Reciprocal Associations

This review examines associations between parenting styles and the psychosexual development of adolescents. Methods and results of empirical studies of associations between parental support, control, and knowledge and the sexual behavior and sexual health of adolescents are described and evaluated. The results show that, in general, higher scores on support, control, and knowledge relate to a delay of first sexual intercourse, safer sexual practices, and higher sexual competence. Despite the vast amount of literature on this subject, the majority of these studies focus on single dimensions of parenting and unidirectional parenting influences. This review generates hypotheses regarding interactions of different parenting styles and reciprocal associations between parents and their children. There is a need for more dynamic, dialectical studies of parenting, and children’s sexual development.

Retrospective Paternal and Maternal Parenting Styles in Greece, Italy, and Sweden

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 399-408
Author(s):  
Semira Tagliabue ◽  
Maria Giulia Olivari ◽  
Elisabeth Hertfelt Wahn ◽  
Katerina Maridaki-Kassotaki ◽  
Katerina Antonopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Psychometric Characteristics ◽  
Perceived Parenting ◽  
Parental Roles ◽  
Maternal Parenting ◽  
Mixed Anova ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Permissive Parenting ◽  
Assessment Techniques ◽  
Structural Invariance

Abstract. Discrepancies in perceived parenting and parental roles across European countries could be due to the use of different assessment techniques or due to mean level differences in the authoritative, authoritarian, or permissive parenting styles. The present study aimed to examine the psychometric characteristics of the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ; Robinson, Mandleco, Olsen, & Hart, 1995 , 2001 ) in a sample of 225 Greek, 301 Italian, and 279 Swedish adolescents aged 16–19 years, who evaluated their father’s and mother’s parenting styles during their childhood. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), multigroup CFA, and modified version of the correlated uniqueness model were used to evaluate the structure and invariance of the scale across countries. Measurement and structural invariance was found in the 8-item authoritative scale and 6-item authoritarian scale. A mixed ANOVA (Country × Style × Role) showed that Swedish mothers scored lower than Italian or Greek mothers, and that, in the three countries, mothers were perceived as more authoritative than were fathers.

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