Localization of Phenolics in Phloem Parenchyma Cells of Norway Spruce (Picea abies)

ChemBioChem ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 2707-2713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Hong Li ◽  
Nina Elisabeth Nagy ◽  
Almuth Hammerbacher ◽  
Paal Krokene ◽  
Xue-Mei Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Phloem Parenchyma ◽  
Parenchyma Cells

scholarly journals Localization of (+)-Catechin in Picea abies Phloem: Responses to Wounding and Fungal Inoculation

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2952
Author(s):  
Tuula Jyske ◽  
Katsushi Kuroda ◽  
Susanna Keriö ◽  
Andrey Pranovich ◽  
Riikka Linnakoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Resin Acid ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Chemical Mapping ◽  
Phloem Parenchyma ◽  
Tof Sims ◽  
Defense Reactions ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Fungal Inoculation

To understand the positional and temporal defense mechanisms of coniferous tree bark at the tissue and cellular levels, the phloem topochemistry and structural properties were examined after artificially induced bark defense reactions. Wounding and fungal inoculation with Endoconidiophora polonica of spruce bark were carried out, and phloem tissues were frequently collected to follow the temporal and spatial progress of chemical and structural responses. The changes in (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, stilbene glucoside, and resin acid distribution, and accumulation patterns within the phloem, were mapped using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (cryo-ToF-SIMS), alongside detailed structural (LM, TEM, SEM) and quantitative chemical microanalyses of the tissues. Our results show that axial phloem parenchyma cells of Norway spruce contain (+)-catechins, the amount of which locally increases in response to fungal inoculation. The preformed, constitutive distribution and accumulation patterns of (+)-catechins closely follow those of stilbene glucosides. Phloem phenolics are not translocated but form a layered defense barrier with oleoresin compounds in response to pathogen attack. Our results suggest that axial phloem parenchyma cells are the primary location for (+)-catechin storage and synthesis in Norway spruce phloem. Chemical mapping of bark defensive metabolites by cryo-ToF-SIMS, in addition to structural and chemical microanalyses of the defense reactions, can provide novel information on the local amplitudes and localizations of chemical and structural defense mechanisms and pathogen–host interactions of trees.

Specialized phloem parenchyma cells in Norway spruce (Pinaceae) bark are an important site of defense reactions

1998 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent R. Franceschi ◽  
Trygve Krekling ◽  
Alan A. Berryman ◽  
Erik Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Phloem Parenchyma ◽  
Defense Reactions ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Important Site

The structure and development of polyphenolic parenchyma cells in Norway spruce (Picea abies) bark

Flora ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 195 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trygve Krekling ◽  
Vincent R. Franceschi ◽  
Alan A. Berryman ◽  
Erik Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Parenchyma Cells

Elemental Analysis of Phloem Tissue in Lemna Minor Root Tips

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 798-799
Author(s):  
Patrick Echlin ◽  
Thomas Hayes ◽  
Clifford Lai ◽  
Greg Hook
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Atomic Weight ◽  
Companion Cell ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Phloem Tissue ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Phloem Parenchyma ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Xylem Element

Studies (1—4) have shown that it is possible to distinguish different stages of phloem tissue differentiation in the developing roots of Lemna minor by examination in the transmission, scanning, and optical microscopes. A disorganized meristem, immediately behind the root-cap, gives rise to the vascular tissue, which consists of single central xylem element surrounded by a ring of phloem parenchyma cells. This ring of cells is first seen at the 4-5 cell stage, but increases to as many as 11 cells by repeated radial anticlinal divisions. At some point, usually at or shortly after the 8 cell stage, two phloem parenchyma cells located opposite each other on the ring of cells, undergo an unsynchronized, periclinal division to give rise to the sieve element and companion cell. Because of the limited number of cells involved, this developmental sequence offers a relatively simple system in which some of the factors underlying cell division and differentiation may be investigated, including the distribution of diffusible low atomic weight elements within individual cells of the phloem tissue.

Nitrogen distribution in young Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees as affected by pedospheric nitrogen supply

1997 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 764-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike Stoermer ◽  
Bettina Seith ◽  
Ulrike Hanemann ◽  
Eckhard George ◽  
Heinz Rennenberg
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Nitrogen Distribution
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