Extraocular eye muscles in human fetuses with craniofacial malformations: Anatomical findings and clinical relevance

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Plock ◽  
C. Contaldo ◽  
M. Von Lüdinghausen
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Craniofacial Malformations ◽  
Eye Muscles ◽  
Extraocular Eye Muscles

The statocyst-oculomotor system of octopus vulgaris : extraocular eye muscles, eye muscle nerves, statocyst nerves and the oculomotor centre in the central nervous system

1984 ◽  
Vol 306 (1127) ◽  
pp. 159-189 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Oculomotor System ◽  
Octopus Vulgaris ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Eye Muscles ◽  
Morphological Organization ◽  
Indirect Path ◽  
Extraocular Eye Muscles ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Stimulation Of

Seven extraocular eye muscles are described in Octopus vulgaris. There are three powerful recti muscles that produce linear movements and four oblique muscles producing rotation. Some of these oblique muscles are very thin sheets passing halfway round the eyeball. The eye muscles are controlled by seven nerves, but several of these innervate more than one muscle. Stimulation of the individual nerves produces the linear and rotatory movements, or both, to be expected from the morphological organization of the muscles they innervate. Two of the nerves run only to extraocular eye muscles, the other five contain additional fibres for the iris, chromatophores or skin. Cobalt filling of the central ends of the eye muscle nerves showed that all have fibres originating in the ipsilateral anterior lateral pedal lobe which is the oculomotor centre. The two nerves whose stim ulation gave expansion of the chrom atophores of the iris were shown to contain fibres with somata in the ipsilateral anterior chromatophore lobe. Two nerves gave constriction of the pupil and proved to contain fibres with somata in an area between the posterior pedal and magnocellular lobes, demonstrating the position of a pupillary control centre. Stimulation of one nerve gave dilation of the pupil but the origin of the relevant cells remains unclear. Cobalt filling of the central ends of the macula and crista nerves of the statocyst showed the destinations of their afferent fibres in many parts of the brain, including the oculomotor centre and higher motor centres of the basal and peduncle lobes. In addition, many somata of efferent fibres to the statocyst were filled in the oculomotor centre, in the posterior lateral pedal lobe, and in the posterior pedal and magnocellular lobes. The statocyst-oculomotor system of Octopus thus includes two pathways from the statocyst equilibrium receptor organs to the motoneurons of the eyes: one direct pathway, and another indirect path via higher integrative centres where visual information about movement is combined with that coming from the statocysts. This situation points to a rem arkable convergence between the Octopus statocyst-oculomotor system and the vestibulo-ocular system of vertebrates.

Spike artefact of extraocular eye muscles does not account for increased saccadic peak velocity in EOG recordings

2011 ◽  
Vol 122 (7) ◽  
pp. 1476-1478
Author(s):  
Andreas Sprenger ◽  
Maren Lappe-Osthege ◽  
Christoph Helmchen
Keyword(s):  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Eye Muscles ◽  
Extraocular Eye Muscles

An unusual case of SMMCI syndrome: supernumerary midline central incisor in siblings

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Hannah Morison ◽  
Toby Gillgrass ◽  
Evelyn Dunbar ◽  
Richard Welbury
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Craniofacial Malformations ◽  
Dental Anomaly ◽  
Maxillary Central Incisor ◽  
The Right

This is the first reported case of siblings with Solitary Median Maxillary Central Incisor (SMMCI) syndrome presenting with an erupted single symmetrical central maxillary midline incisor between normal central incisors. Usually only one central incisor is present. This case is also interesting as the tooth described could have been mistaken for a mesiodens, however, a mesiodens is not symmetrical and usually erupts between the maxillary central incisors and sits slightly to the right or left of the midline. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This case highlights the fact that SMMCI should not be considered as a simple dental anomaly because it may be associated with more complex craniofacial malformations.

Motor and Sensory Innervation of Extraocular Eye Muscles

2003 ◽  
Vol 1004 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. BÜTTNER-ENNEVER ◽  
A. EBERHORN ◽  
A.K.E. HORN
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Innervation ◽  
Eye Muscles ◽  
Extraocular Eye Muscles

An investigation of the origin, location and variations of the renal arteries in human fetuses and their clinical relevance

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aynur Emine Çiçekcibaşi ◽  
Taner Ziylan ◽  
Ahmet Salbacak ◽  
Muzaffer Şeker ◽  
Mustafa Büyükmumcu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Renal Arteries ◽  
Human Fetuses

Proprioception and Palisade Endings in Extraocular Eye Muscles

2005 ◽  
Vol 1039 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREAS C. EBERHORN ◽  
ANJA K.E. HORN ◽  
PETRA FISCHER ◽  
JEAN A. BÜTTNER-ENNEVER
Keyword(s):  
Eye Muscles ◽  
Extraocular Eye Muscles
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