scholarly journals Naturalistic smartphone keyboard typing reflects processing speed and executive function

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mindy K. Ross ◽  
Alexander P. Demos ◽  
John Zulueta ◽  
Andrea Piscitello ◽  
Scott A. Langenecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Keyboard Typing

scholarly journals Slow Wave Sleep and EEG Delta Spectral Power are Associated with Cognitive Function in Parkinson’s Disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Kimberly H. Wood ◽  
Adeel A. Memon ◽  
Raima A. Memon ◽  
Allen Joop ◽  
Jennifer Pilkington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Domain Scores

Background: Cognitive and sleep dysfunction are common non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Objective: Determine the relationship between slow wave sleep (SWS) and cognitive performance in PD. Methods: Thirty-two PD participants were evaluated with polysomnography and a comprehensive level II neurocognitive battery, as defined by the Movement Disorders Society Task Force for diagnosis of PD-mild cognitive impairment. Raw scores for each test were transformed into z-scores using normative data. Z-scores were averaged to obtain domain scores, and domain scores were averaged to determine the Composite Cognitive Score (CCS), the primary outcome. Participants were grouped by percent of SWS into High SWS and Low SWS groups and compared on CCS and other outcomes using 2-sided t-tests or Mann-Whitney U. Correlations of cognitive outcomes with sleep architecture and EEG spectral power were performed. Results: Participants in the High SWS group demonstrated better global cognitive function (CCS) (p = 0.01, effect size: r = 0.45). In exploratory analyses, the High SWS group showed better performance in domains of executive function (effect size: Cohen’s d = 1.05), language (d = 0.95), and processing speed (d = 1.12). Percentage of SWS was correlated with global cognition and executive function, language, and processing speed. Frontal EEG delta power during N3 was correlated with the CCS and executive function. Cognition was not correlated with subjective sleep quality. Conclusion: Increased SWS and higher delta spectral power are associated with better cognitive performance in PD. This demonstrates the significant relationship between sleep and cognitive function and suggests that interventions to improve sleep might improve cognition in individuals with PD.

Physical activity in the elderly is associated with improved executive function and processing speed: the LADIS Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 744-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Steen Frederiksen ◽  
Ana Verdelho ◽  
Sofia Madureira ◽  
Hansjörg Bäzner ◽  
John T. O'Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
The Elderly

scholarly journals Cerebral small-vessel disease and decline in information processing speed, executive function and memory

Brain ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 128 (9) ◽  
pp. 2034-2041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels D. Prins ◽  
Ewoud J. van Dijk ◽  
Tom den Heijer ◽  
Sarah E. Vermeer ◽  
Jellemer Jolles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Small Vessel ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Vessel Disease

Abstract P59: Peak Width of Skeletonized Mean Diffusivity Outperforms Other Diffusion Tensor Imaging Metrics as Biomarker for Cognition in Memory-Clinic Subjects With Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Clara Zanon Zotin ◽  
Dorothee Schoemaker ◽  
Valentina Perosa ◽  
Martin Bretzner ◽  
Lukas Sveikata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Amyloid Angiopathy ◽  
Peak Width ◽  
Memory Clinic ◽  
Cerebral Amyloid

Introduction: Peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD) is a novel fully automated diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) marker that has been consistently associated with cognition in cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) cohorts, including cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). We hypothesized that PSMD would be more strongly associated with cognitive performance compared to other conventional DTI metrics in our CAA sample. Methods: We recruited non-demented subjects with probable-CAA from a single-center memory-clinic cohort. We analyzed structural MRIs to compute a validated CAA burden score (0-6 points scale, based on the following MRI features: lobar microbleeds, superficial siderosis, perivascular spaces in centrum semiovale, and white matter hyperintensities). PSMD was obtained using a freely available script ( www.psmd-marker.com ). We used the same skeleton-mask to compute: mean of skeletonized mean diffusivity (mean MD) and mean of skeletonized fractional anisotropy (mean FA). We used linear regression analyses to explore relationships with CAA burden score and cognitive composite scores (processing speed, executive function, memory, and language - z-scores adjusted for age, sex and education level). Results: We included 43 subjects (mean age 74.4 ± 5.9 years; 48.8% female; PSMD median [IQR]: 4.05 [3.58 - 4.80] x 10 -4 mm 2 /s). In linear regression models adjusting for age, DTI metrics were significantly associated with CAA burden score (mean FA: β = -0.563, Adj. R 2 : 0.27; p < 0.001; mean MD: β = 0.581; Adj. R 2 : 0.32; p < 0.001; PSMD: β = 0.364, Adj. R 2 : 0.12; p = 0.018). PSMD was significantly associated with cognitive performance, specifically in the domains of executive function ( β = -0.568; Adj. R 2 : 0.25; p < 0.001) and processing speed ( β = -0.447; Adj. R 2 : 0.19; p = 0.004). Other DTI metrics were not significantly associated with cognitive scores. Conclusion: In this CAA sample, all DTI metrics were associated with CAA burden scores, however, only PSMD was significantly associated with cognition, in domains that are commonly affected in vascular cognitive impairment. Our results warrant confirmation in larger samples, but support PSMD as biomarker for cognition in CAA, outperforming other conventional DTI metrics.

Effectiveness of Combined Cognitive and Physical Interventions to Enhance Functioning in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. e633-e642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenchen Yang ◽  
Ami Moore ◽  
Elias Mpofu ◽  
Diana Dorstyn ◽  
Qiwei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background and Objectives Cognitive training delivered in conjunction with physical activity, may help to optimize aging and delay or prevent dementia in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, their efficacy is less well studied compared to pharmaceutical treatments. This systematic review synthesizes the emerging evidence on combined cognitive-physical interventions for enhancing functioning in older adults with MCI, with implications for practice and research. Research Design and Methods We searched the PubMed, PsycINFO, Ageline, Medline, Web of Science and ProQuest databases, and hand-searched articles published between July 2013 and November 2018. Only randomized controlled trials which incorporated cognitive and physical components targeted to individuals with MCI over the age of 50 were eligible. Our search yielded 10 eligible, independent articles. Results Intervention participants with MCI self-reported, or demonstrated, improved functioning across a range of cognitive (global cognitive function, executive function, processing speed, memory, attention, mood, emotion, motivation, brain cortex, orientation), and physical (gait, balance, mobility) outcomes. Interventions which combined cognitive-physical training were comparable to those which isolated these same elements, in terms of their effects on executive function, processing speed, attention, mood, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Discussion and Implications There is preliminary evidence to support the positive effects of multicomponent interventions to improve cognitive-motor abilities in older adults at risk of developing dementia. The strength of this research evidence is, however, limited. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether these effects are maintained over time. The optimal intervention intensity and length also need to be established.

scholarly journals S47. A MULTICENTER STUDY OF COGNITIVE RESERVE IN FIRST-EPISODE PYCHOSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S50-S50
Author(s):  
Silvia Amoretti ◽  
Gerard Anmella ◽  
Ana Meseguer ◽  
Cristina Saiz ◽  
Sonia Canals ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Trail Making

Abstract Background The cognitive reserve (CR) refers to the brain’s capacity to cope with pathology in order to minimize the symptoms. In the field of first episode psychosis (FEP), the CR was able to predict functional and neurocognitive performance. Nevertheless, CR has been estimated using heterogeneous methods, which, in term, difficult to compare studies. Therefore, there is a need to create a specific scale for the assessment of this relevant construct. The Cognitive Reserve Assessment Scale in Health (CRASH) is the first measure developed specifically for patients with severe mental illness with optimal psychometric properties, facilitating reliable and valid measurement of CR. The study of the internal structure of the CRASH determined a four-factor structure (Education, Occupation, Leisure activities and Sociability) that can be analyzed separately to know what kind of relationship they might have with other variables. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of CR measured with CRASH scale on functioning and neurocognitive performance and to explore the relationship of each factor with the outcome in an adult sample of subjects with FEP. Methods The sample of this study came from a multicentre, naturalistic and longitudinal research project financed by a catalan grant (“Pla Estratègic de Recerca i Innovació en Salut” - PERIS 2016–2018). Expedient Nº: SLT006/17/00345; entitled “Identificación y caracterización del valor predictivo de la reserva cognitiva en el curso evolutivo y respuesta en terapéutica en personas con un primer episodio psicótico”. 23 FEP patients and 72 healthy control (HC) were enrolled. The premorbid IQ was estimated with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) vocabulary subtest. To assess processing speed, Trail Making Test-part A was used. Sustained attention was tested with the Continuous Performance Test–II. The working memory was assessed with the Letters and Numbers Subtest of the WAIS-IV. Finally, the executive functions tested set shifting, planning and cognitive flexibility using the Tower of London task and the Trail Making Test (TMT) part B. Results Significant differences between the total CRASH score of patients and HC groups have been found. The patient group obtained lower scores compared to the HC group (36.66±16.01 vs 49.83±11.08, p&lt;0.001). After performing a logistic regression to assess the predictive power of CRASH for each group, the model correctly classified 83.2% of the cases (B=0.091; p&lt;0.001; Exp(B)=1.095). In FEP patients, the CRASH score was associated with premorbid IQ (p&lt;0.001), processing speed (p=0.005), executive function (TMT-B, p=0.005; London Tower task, p=0.039) and attention (CPT Hit SE ISI change, p=0.004). Specifically, the Education factor was associated with premorbid IQ, processing speed, working memory and executive function. The Occupation was only associated with executive function. Leisure activities factor was correlated with premorbid IQ and functioning. Finally, Sociability was correlated with psychosocial functioning and duration of untreated psychosis. In HC, CRASH was associated with premorbid IQ (p&lt;0.001) and attention (p=0.015). Education and Occupation factors were associated with premorbid IQ and attention; Leisure activities with processing speed; and sociability with attention. Discussion FEP patients were shown to have lower CR than HC, and CRASH correctly classified 83.2% of the sample. Each CRASH factor was associated with different outcome, which is why it can be interesting to analyze the total CRASH score and each factor separately. Patients with higher CR showed a better cognitive performance. Therefore, enhancing each factor involved in cognitive reserve may improve outcomes in FEP.

Sleep quality mediates the relationship between frailty and cognitive dysfunction in non-demented middle aged to older adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (06) ◽  
pp. 779-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonya Kaur ◽  
Nikhil Banerjee ◽  
Michelle Miranda ◽  
Mitchell Slugh ◽  
Ni Sun-Suslow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTObjectives:Frailty is associated with cognitive decline in older adults. However, the mechanisms explaining this relationship are poorly understood. We hypothesized that sleep quality may mediate the relationship between frailty and cognition.Participants:154 participants aged between 50-90 years (mean = 69.1 years, SD = 9.2 years) from the McKnight Brain Registry were included.Measurements:Participants underwent a full neuropsychological evaluation, frailty and subjective sleep quality assessments. Direct relationships between frailty and cognitive function were assessed using linear regression models. Statistical mediation of these relationships by sleep quality was assessed using nonparametric bootstrapping procedures.Results:Frailty severity predicted weaker executive function (B = −2.77, β = −0.30, 95% CI = −4.05 – −1.29) and processing speed (B = −1.57, β = −0.17, 95% CI = −3.10 – −0.16). Poor sleep quality predicted poorer executive function (B = −0.47, β = −0.21, 95% CI = −0.79 – −0.08), processing speed (B = −0.64, β = −0.28, 95% CI = −0.98 – −0.31), learning (B = −0.42, β = −0.19, 95% CI = −0.76 – −0.05) and delayed recall (B = −0.41, β = −0.16, 95% CI = −0.80 – −0.31). Poor sleep quality mediated the relationships between frailty severity and executive function (B = −0.66, β = −0.07, 95% CI = −1.48 – −0.39), learning (B = −0.85, β = −0.07, 95% CI = −1.85 – −0.12), delayed recall (B = −0.47, β = −0.08, 95% CI = −2.12 – −0.39) and processing speed (B = −0.90, β = −0.09, 95% CI = −1.85 – −0.20).Conclusions:Relationships between frailty severity and several cognitive outcomes were significantly mediated by poor sleep quality. Interventions to improve sleep quality may be promising avenues to prevent cognitive decline in frail older adults.

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