Physical activity in the elderly is associated with improved executive function and processing speed: the LADIS Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 744-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Steen Frederiksen ◽  
Ana Verdelho ◽  
Sofia Madureira ◽  
Hansjörg Bäzner ◽  
John T. O'Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
The Elderly

P1-387: Physical activity is associated with improved executive function and processing speed: The LADIS Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. P300-P301
Author(s):  
Kristian Steen Frederiksen ◽  
Ana Verdelho ◽  
Sofia Madureira ◽  
Hansjörg Bäzner ◽  
John O'Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Processing Speed

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Depressive Symptoms in the Elderly with Hearing Impairment

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
Youngmee Lee ◽  
Sungil Park ◽  
Soo Jung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
Pure Tone Threshold

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine factors associated with depressive symptoms in the elderly with hearing impairment.Methods: We studied 23 hearing-impaired elderly persons aged 60 years or older. The participants underwent audiometric, neuropsychological, and depression assessments. Neuropsychological tests were subsumed in specific cognitive domains (general cognition, semantic memory, processing speed, executive function). The short version of the geriatric depression scale was administered to obtain depressive symptom scores for each subject.Results: First, among audiometric variables, the pure-tone threshold average, sentence-in-noise recognition scores, and hearing handicap scores were significantly correlated with the depressive symptom scores. Second, among neuropsychological variables, the reaction time on the part A of the Korean version of trail making test for the elderly (K-TMT-E), which is reflective of processing speed, was correlated with the depressive symptom scores. Also, the reaction time on the part B of the K-TMT-E, which is reflective of executive function, was correlated with the depressive symptom scores. Lastly, in the stepwise regression analysis, the pure-tone threshold average and the reaction time on the part B of the K-TMT-E were found to be factors significantly associated with depressive symptom scores.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that, for the hearing-impaired elderly, hearing threshold levels and executive function, especially cognitive flexibility are significant factors associated with depression levels.

scholarly journals The Effect of Prior Caffeine Consumption on Neuropsychological Test Performance: A Placebo-Controlled Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 146-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R. Walters ◽  
Valerie E. Lesk
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
And Control

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the prior consumption of 200 mg of pure caffeine affected neuropsychological test scores in a group of elderly participants aged over 60 years. Method: Using a double-blind placebo versus caffeine design, participants were randomly assigned to receive 200 mg of caffeine or placebo. A neuropsychological assessment testing the domains of general cognitive function, processing speed, semantic memory, episodic memory, executive function, working memory and short-term memory was carried out. Results: Significant interaction effects between age, caffeine and scores of executive function and processing speed were found; participants who had received caffeine showed a decline in performance with increasing age. This effect was not seen for participants who received placebo. Conclusion: The results highlight the need to consider and control prior caffeine consumption when scoring neuropsychological assessments in the elderly, which is important for accuracy of diagnosis and corresponding normative data.

The cognitive neuropsychology of depression in the elderly

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1693-1702 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCIE L. HERRMANN ◽  
GUY M. GOODWIN ◽  
KLAUS P. EBMEIER
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Executive Deficits

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe cognitive impairment of older depressed patients with late- as opposed to early-onset illness may show important differences, in that patients with early onset may suffer predominantly from impaired episodic memory, and those with late onset mainly from reductions of executive function and processing speed.MethodWe searched Medline and EMBASE as well as individual papers' reference lists for relevant publications, recording comparisons in neuropsychological test results between early-onset depression (EOD), late-onset depression (LOD) and healthy volunteers. Effect sizes are presented for cognitive domains, such as executive function, processing speed, episodic memory, semantic memory and mental state examination.ResultsPatients with LOD showed greater reductions in processing speed and executive function than patients with EOD and controls. Both patient groups showed reduced function in all domains, except mental state, compared with controls.ConclusionPronounced executive deficits are typical of the late-onset patients described in published studies, while episodic memory impairment is not specific to early-onset illness. Possible reasons and confounders are discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of Fast Simple Numerical Calculation Training on Neural Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hikaru Takeuchi ◽  
Tomomi Nagase ◽  
Yasuyuki Taki ◽  
Yuko Sassa ◽  
Hiroshi Hashizume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Numerical Calculation ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Complex Arithmetic ◽  
Simple Processing

Cognitive training, including fast simple numerical calculation (FSNC), has been shown to improve performance on untrained processing speed and executive function tasks in the elderly. However, the effects of FSNC training on cognitive functions in the young and on neural mechanisms remain unknown. We investigated the effects of 1-week intensive FSNC training on cognitive function, regional gray matter volume (rGMV), and regional cerebral blood flow at rest (resting rCBF) in healthy young adults. FSNC training was associated with improvements in performance on simple processing speed, speeded executive functioning, and simple and complex arithmetic tasks. FSNC training was associated with a reduction in rGMV and an increase in resting rCBF in the frontopolar areas and a weak but widespread increase in resting rCBF in an anatomical cluster in the posterior region. These results provide direct evidence that FSNC training alone can improve performance on processing speed and executive function tasks as well as plasticity of brain structures and perfusion. Our results also indicate that changes in neural systems in the frontopolar areas may underlie these cognitive improvements.

Effects of metabolic syndrome on cognitive outcomes in long-term survivors of childhood cancer.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 12013-12013
Author(s):  
Tyler Alexander ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Stephanie B Dixon ◽  
AnnaLynn M. Williams ◽  
Wassim Chemaitilly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Survivors Of Childhood Cancer

12013 Background: Childhood cancer therapy increases risk for cognitive impairment and other chronic conditions, which also may impact cognition. We assessed the unique impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on cognition in survivors participating in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study. Methods: Participants included 4058 survivors of childhood cancer (53.9% female; mean [SD] age 30.1 [10.5] years at evaluation; 22.6 [10.1] years from diagnosis) who completed clinical evaluation and cognitive testing. MetS criteria followed Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines (at least 3 of: hypertension, high triglycerides, abdominal obesity, low high-density lipoprotein [HDL], high fasting glucose). Multivariable log-binomial regression models assessed risk of cognitive impairment associated with MetS stratified by survivors who did (n = 2301) or did not (n = 1757) receive central nervous system (CNS)-directed therapy. Mediation analysis assessed effects of MetS and physical activity in cranial radiotherapy (CRT)-associated cognitive impairment. Models were adjusted for age, sex, follow-up time and treatment exposures. Results: MetS was associated with increased risk of impaired attention (relative risk [RR] 1.34 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-1.66), processing speed (RR 1.25 CI 1.11-1.41) and executive function (RR 1.18 CI 1.01-1.37) in survivors with CNS-directed therapy and academic achievement (RR 1.84 CI 1.18-2.89), attention (RR 1.43 CI 1.10-1.87), and processing speed (RR 1.46 CI 1.21-1.75) in those without CNS-directed therapy. MetS components associated with cognitive impairment included abdominal obesity (memory RR 1.34 CI 1.13-1.59; processing speed RR 1.41 CI 1.24-1.59; executive function RR 1.21 CI 1.05-1.39) and low HDL (intelligence RR 1.26 CI 1.06-1.49; attention RR 1.27 CI 1.03-1.57; processing speed RR 1.17 CI 1.01-1.35; executive function RR 1.20 CI 1.05-1.37) in survivors with CNS-directed therapy. In survivors treated without CNS-directed therapy hypertension (academic achievement RR 1.49 CI 1.18-1.88; intelligence RR 1.34 CI 1.02-1.76; attention RR 1.42 CI 1.12-1.79; memory RR 1.45 CI 1.14-1.84; processing speed RR 1.30 CI 1.08-1.55; executive function RR 1.32 CI 1.08-1.62) and abdominal obesity (academic achievement RR 1.71 CI 1.07-2.72; processing speed RR 1.23 CI 1.02-1.49; executive function RR 1.38 CI 1.09-1.75) were associated with impairment. In mediation analyses, direct effects of CRT were identified, as were indirect effects through physical activity (processing speed β = 0.035 p < 0.01; attention β = 0.03 p < 0.01; executive function β = 0.172 p < 0.01). Conclusions: MetS increases risk of cognitive impairment in survivors, particularly abdominal obesity, hypertension and low HDL. Physical activity appears to partially mediate impact of CRT on cognitive outcomes and is an important target for interventions to lower impairment risk.

scholarly journals Systolic Blood Pressure and Cognition in the Elderly: The Northern Manhattan Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Sun ◽  
Chuanhui Dong ◽  
Bonnie Levin ◽  
Michelle Caunca ◽  
Adina Zeki Al Hazzouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Increasing evidence suggests that hypertension is a risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia. The relationship between blood pressure and cognition in a racially and ethnically diverse population remains unclear. Objective: To study association of blood pressure with cognition cross-sectionally and longitudinally in the elderly. Methods: Participants are stroke-free individuals from the racially and ethnically diverse Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS) (n = 1215). General linear models are constructed to examine blood pressure in relation to cognition cross-sectionally and longitudinally at a five-year follow-up. Results: We found a cross-sectional association of systolic blood pressure (SBP) with word fluency/semantic memory, executive function, and processing speed/visual motor integration (VMI) function. This association was independent of demographics, vascular risk factors, white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV), and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). The cross-sectional association of SBP with processing speed/VMI and executive function was attenuated after adjusting anti-hypertension medications in the models. Baseline SBP was associated with the change of processing speed/VMI function after adjusting vascular risk factors, WMHV, and cIMT at a 5-year follow-up. This longitudinal association was not found after adjusting anti-hypertension medications in the models. Further analyses revealed that individuals with category SBP from <  120 mmHg to≥140 mmHg had a linear decline in processing speed/VMI function at a 5-year follow-up. Conclusion: We show that SBP is negatively associated with cognition cross-sectionally and longitudinally in the elderly. Anti-hypertension treatment eliminates the negative association of SBP with processing speed/VMI function longitudinally. Our findings support the treatment of stage 1 systolic hypertension in the elderly.

Physical activity in the elderly: A planned behaviour?

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Lucidi Lucidi ◽  
Caterina Grano ◽  
Alberto Cei
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Planned Behaviour

Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Washburn ◽  
Kevin W. Smith ◽  
Alan M. Jette ◽  
Carol A. Janney
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Activity Scale ◽  
Physical Activity Scale

Forms of physical activity of the elderly

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Piotr Czarnecki ◽  
◽  
Justyna Podgórska-Bednarz ◽  
Lidia Perenc ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Key Phrases ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Physical activity is known to be an important factor influencing health throughout human life. This issue has become crucial for public health due to the aging of the population in both developed and developing countries. Aim. is to present a literature review on the forms of physical activity undertaken by the elderly, as well as on issues related to physical activity and the population aging. Material and methods. The study was prepared on the basis of a review of Polish and foreign literature. The following databases and data sources were used: EBSCO, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. An additional source of data were the websites of the Central Statistical Office. Strictly defined key phrases were used during the collection of literature. The work has been divided into thematic subsections on the aging of the society, the impact of physical activity on health and the main topic, i.e. forms of physical activity selected by the elderly. Analysis of the literature. The number of elderly people in Polish society has increased by almost 3.7 million over three decades. Therefore, an important topic is prophylaxis aimed at increasing the number of days in good health, largely covering the broadly understood activation of the elderly. The available data indicate that only 12% of elderly people undertake physical activity once a week. The most common form of spending free time actively is walking (as many as 73% of people in this population declare this form of physical activity in one of the presented studies). Conclusion. Organized forms of physical activity are undertaken much less frequently by the analyzed age group mainly due to financial limitations and limited availability of sports infrastructure.

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