scholarly journals Operation spinal cord regeneration: Patterning information residing in extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Lu ◽  
Alaina Baker‐Nigh ◽  
Peng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Spinal Cord Regeneration

scholarly journals The Extracellular Matrix Glycoprotein Tenascin-C Is Beneficial for Spinal Cord Regeneration

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1769-1777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Chen ◽  
Hyun Joon Lee ◽  
Igor Jakovcevski ◽  
Ronak Shah ◽  
Neha Bhagat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Spinal Cord Regeneration ◽  
Tenascin C

scholarly journals Cellular response to spinal cord injury in regenerative and non-regenerative stages in Xenopus laevis

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Edwards-Faret ◽  
Karina González-Pinto ◽  
Arantxa Cebrián-Silla ◽  
Johany Peñailillo ◽  
José Manuel García-Verdugo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Central Canal ◽  
Spinal Cord Regeneration ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Regenerative Stage

Abstract Background The efficient regenerative abilities at larvae stages followed by a non-regenerative response after metamorphosis in froglets makes Xenopus an ideal model organism to understand the cellular responses leading to spinal cord regeneration. Methods We compared the cellular response to spinal cord injury between the regenerative and non-regenerative stages of Xenopus laevis. For this analysis, we used electron microscopy, immunofluorescence and histological staining of the extracellular matrix. We generated two transgenic lines: i) the reporter line with the zebrafish GFAP regulatory regions driving the expression of EGFP, and ii) a cell specific inducible ablation line with the same GFAP regulatory regions. In addition, we used FACS to isolate EGFP+ cells for RNAseq analysis. Results In regenerative stage animals, spinal cord regeneration triggers a rapid sealing of the injured stumps, followed by proliferation of cells lining the central canal, and formation of rosette-like structures in the ablation gap. In addition, the central canal is filled by cells with similar morphology to the cells lining the central canal, neurons, axons, and even synaptic structures. Regeneration is almost completed after 20 days post injury. In non-regenerative stage animals, mostly damaged tissue was observed, without clear closure of the stumps. The ablation gap was filled with fibroblast-like cells, and deposition of extracellular matrix components. No reconstruction of the spinal cord was observed even after 40 days post injury. Cellular markers analysis confirmed these histological differences, a transient increase of vimentin, fibronectin and collagen was detected in regenerative stages, contrary to a sustained accumulation of most of these markers, including chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in the NR-stage. The zebrafish GFAP transgenic line was validated, and we have demonstrated that is a very reliable and new tool to study the role of neural stem progenitor cells (NSPCs). RNASeq of GFAP::EGFP cells has allowed us to clearly demonstrate that indeed these cells are NSPCs. On the contrary, the GFAP::EGFP transgene is mainly expressed in astrocytes in non-regenerative stages. During regenerative stages, spinal cord injury activates proliferation of NSPCs, and we found that are mainly differentiated into neurons and glial cells. Specific ablation of these cells abolished proper regeneration, confirming that NSPCs cells are necessary for functional regeneration of the spinal cord. Conclusions The cellular response to spinal cord injury in regenerative and non-regenerative stages is profoundly different between both stages. A key hallmark of the regenerative response is the activation of NSPCs, which massively proliferate, and are differentiated into neurons to reconstruct the spinal cord. Also very notably, no glial scar formation is observed in regenerative stages, but a transient, glial scar-like structure is formed in non-regenerative stage animals.

scholarly journals Cellular Response to Spinal Cord Injury in Regenerative and Non-Regenerative Stages in Xenopus Laevis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Edwards-Faret ◽  
Karina González-Pinto ◽  
Arantxa Cebrián-Silla ◽  
Johany Peñailillo ◽  
José Manuel García-Verdugo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Central Canal ◽  
Spinal Cord Regeneration ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Regenerative Stage

Abstract Background The efficient regenerative abilities at larvae stages followed by a non-regenerative response after metamorphosis in froglets makes Xenopus an ideal model organism to understand the cellular responses leading to spinal cord regeneration.Methods We compared the cellular response to spinal cord injury between the regenerative and non-regenerative stages of Xenopus laevis. For this analysis, we used electron microscopy, immunofluorescence and histological staining of the extracellular matrix. We generated two transgenic lines: i) the reporter line with the zebrafish GFAP regulatory regions driving the expression of EGFP, and ii) a cell specific inducible ablation line with the same GFAP regulatory regions. In addition, we used FACS to isolate EGFP+ cells for RNAseq analysis.Results In regenerative stage animals, spinal cord regeneration triggers a rapid sealing of the injured stumps, followed by proliferation of cells lining the central canal, and formation of rosette-like structures in the ablation gap. In addition, the central canal is filled by cells with similar morphology to the cells lining the central canal, neurons, axons, and even synaptic structures. Regeneration is almost completed after 20 days post injury. In non-regenerative stage animals, mostly damaged tissue was observed, without clear closure of the stumps. The ablation gap was filled with fibroblast-like cells, and deposition of extracellular matrix components. No reconstruction of the spinal cord was observed even after 40 days post injury. Cellular markers analysis confirmed these histological differences, a transient increase of vimentin, fibronectin and collagen was detected in regenerative stages, contrary to a sustained accumulation of most of these markers, including chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in the NR-stage. The zebrafish GFAP transgenic line was validated, and we have demonstrated that is a very reliable and new tool to study the role of neural stem progenitor cells (NSPC). RNASeq of GFAP-EGFP cells allowed a clear demonstration that indeed these cells are NSPC. On the contrary, the GFAP-EGFP transgene is mainly expressed in astrocytes in non-regenerative stages. During regenerative stages, spinal cord injury activates proliferation of NSPC, and we found that are mainly fated to form neurons and glial cells. Specific ablation of these cells abolished proper regeneration, confirming that NSPC cells are necessary for functional regeneration of the spinal cord. Conclusions The cellular response to spinal cord injury in regenerative and non-regenerative stages is profoundly different between both stages. A key hallmark of the regenerative response is the activation of NSPC, which massively proliferate to reconstitute the spinal cord, and are differentiated into neurons. Also very notably, no glial scar formation is observed in regenerative stages, but a transient, glial scar-like structure is formed in non-regenerative stage animals.

Dorsal Root Crush in Adult Mice to Study Spinal Cord Regeneration

BIO-PROTOCOL ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyukmin Kim ◽  
Harun Noristani ◽  
Seung Han ◽  
Young-Jin Son
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Spinal Cord Regeneration ◽  
Adult Mice

scholarly journals Promoting Neuronal Outgrowth Using Ridged Scaffolds Coated with Extracellular Matrix Proteins

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 479
Author(s):  
Ahad M. Siddiqui ◽  
Rosa Brunner ◽  
Gregory M. Harris ◽  
Alan Lee Miller ◽  
Brian E. Waletzki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Neurologic Recovery ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Biodegradable Hydrogel ◽  
Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Novel Scaffold

Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in cell death, demyelination, and axonal loss. The spinal cord has a limited ability to regenerate, and current clinical therapies for SCI are not effective in helping promote neurologic recovery. We have developed a novel scaffold biomaterial that is fabricated from the biodegradable hydrogel oligo(poly(ethylene glycol)fumarate) (OPF). We have previously shown that positively charged OPF scaffolds (OPF+) in an open spaced, multichannel design can be loaded with Schwann cells to support axonal generation and functional recovery following SCI. We have now developed a hybrid OPF+ biomaterial that increases the surface area available for cell attachment and that contains an aligned microarchitecture and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins to better support axonal regeneration. OPF+ was fabricated as 0.08 mm thick sheets containing 100 μm high polymer ridges that self-assemble into a spiral shape when hydrated. Laminin, fibronectin, or collagen I coating promoted neuron attachment and axonal outgrowth on the scaffold surface. In addition, the ridges aligned axons in a longitudinal bipolar orientation. Decreasing the space between the ridges increased the number of cells and neurites aligned in the direction of the ridge. Schwann cells seeded on laminin coated OPF+ sheets aligned along the ridges over a 6-day period and could myelinate dorsal root ganglion neurons over 4 weeks. This novel scaffold design, with closer spaced ridges and Schwann cells, is a novel biomaterial construct to promote regeneration after SCI.

scholarly journals Anisotropic scaffolds for peripheral nerve and spinal cord regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 4141-4160
Author(s):  
Wen Xue ◽  
Wen Shi ◽  
Yunfan Kong ◽  
Mitchell Kuss ◽  
Bin Duan
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Spinal Cord Regeneration

scholarly journals Extracellular matrix-regulated neural differentiation of human multipotent marrow progenitor cells enhances functional recovery after spinal cord injury

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2488-2499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Win-Ping Deng ◽  
Chi-Chiang Yang ◽  
Liang-Yo Yang ◽  
Chun-Wei D. Chen ◽  
Wei-Hong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Neural Differentiation ◽  
Cord Injury
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