scholarly journals Sex differences in the association between prenatal exposure to maternal obesity and hippocampal volume in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmin M. Alves ◽  
Shan Luo ◽  
Ting Chow ◽  
Megan Herting ◽  
Anny H. Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Hippocampal Volume

scholarly journals Association between Hippocampal Volume and Working Memory in 10,000+ 9–10-Year-Old Children: Sex Differences

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari ◽  
Shanika Boyce ◽  
Tanja Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Right

Aim: This study tested sex differences in the association between hippocampal volume and working memory of a national sample of 9–10-year-old children in the US. As the hippocampus is functionally lateralized (especially in task-related activities), we explored the results for the right and the left hippocampus. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study data. This analysis included baseline ABCD data (n = 10,093) of children between ages 9 and 10 years. The predictor variable was right and left hippocampal volume measured by structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI). The primary outcome, list sorting working memory, was measured using the NIH toolbox measure. Sex was the moderator. Age, race, ethnicity, household income, parental education, and family structure were the covariates. Results: In the overall sample, larger right (b = 0.0013; p < 0.001) and left (b = 0.0013; p < 0.001) hippocampal volumes were associated with higher children’s working memory. Sex had statistically significant interactions with the right (b = −0.0018; p = 0.001) and left (b = −0.0012; p = 0.022) hippocampal volumes on children’s working memory. These interactions indicated stronger positive associations between right and left hippocampal volume and working memory for females compared to males. Conclusion: While right and left hippocampal volumes are determinants of children’s list sorting working memory, these effects seem to be more salient for female than male children. Research is needed on the role of socialization, sex hormones, and brain functional connectivity as potential mechanisms that may explain the observed sex differences in the role of hippocampal volume as a correlate of working memory.

scholarly journals Prenatal exposure to maternal obesity leads to hyperactivity in offspring

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1159-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Fernandes ◽  
H Grayton ◽  
L Poston ◽  
A-M Samuelsson ◽  
P D Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Maternal Obesity

scholarly journals Examining Sex Differences in Markers of Cognition and Neurodegeneration in Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer’s Disease: Preliminary Findings from the Colombian Alzheimer’s Prevention Initiative Biomarker Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 1743-1753
Author(s):  
Clara Vila-Castelar ◽  
Edmarie Guzmán-Vélez ◽  
Enmanuelle Pardilla-Delgado ◽  
Rachel F. Buckley ◽  
Yamile Bocanegra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Word List ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
List Learning ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Female Carriers

Background: Growing evidence suggests that there may be a sex-specific biological risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Individuals with autosomal dominant AD due to a mutation (E280A) in Presenilin-1 (PSEN1) are genetically determined to develop early-onset dementia and thus, have few age-related risk factors for AD that are known to vary by sex (i.e., cardiovascular disease, menopause, life expectancy). Objective: Investigate sex differences in markers of cognition and neurodegeneration in autosomal dominant AD. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in 19 cognitively-unimpaired PSEN1 mutation carriers (age range 20–44; 11 females), 11 symptomatic carriers (age range 42–56; 8 females), and 23 matched non-carriers family members (age range 20–50; 13 females). We examined hippocampal volume ratio, CERAD Total Score, and CERAD Word List (i.e., Learning, Delayed Recall, and Recognition). Mann-Whitney U tests, Spearman correlations and regression models were conducted. Results: There were no differential associations between age, CERAD Total Score, CERAD Word List–Learning, Delayed Recall, Recognition, and hippocampal volume ratio in male and female carriers and non-carriers. Cognitively-unimpaired female carriers showed better CERAD Total scores and CERAD Word List-Learning than cognitively-unimpaired male carriers, despite having similar hippocampal volume ratios. The interaction of sex and hippocampal volume ratio did not predict cognitive performance across groups. Conclusion: Our preliminary findings suggest that cognitively-unimpaired female carriers showed a verbal memory reserve, and as disease progresses, female carriers did not exhibit a cognitive susceptibility to AD-related neurodegeneration. Future studies with larger samples of autosomal dominant AD are warranted to further understand sex differences in AD-related clinical and pathological markers.

scholarly journals Sex differences and effects of prenatal exposure to excess testosterone on ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons in adult sheep

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1157-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erinna C. Z. Brown ◽  
Casey J. Steadman ◽  
Theresa M. Lee ◽  
Vasantha Padmanabhan ◽  
Michael N. Lehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Ventral Tegmental Area ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Adult Sheep ◽  
Ventral Tegmental

scholarly journals Prenatal Exposure to Air Pollution and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Sensitive Windows of Exposure and Sex Differences

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Mostafijur Rahman ◽  
Yu Hsiang Shu ◽  
Ting Chow ◽  
Frederick W. Lurmann ◽  
Xin Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder

190-OR: Impact of Prenatal Exposure to Maternal Obesity and Child Physical Activity Levels on Neurocognition

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 190-OR
Author(s):  
JASMIN ALVES ◽  
BRENDAN C. ANGELO ◽  
SHAN H. LUO ◽  
TING CHOW ◽  
ALEXANDRA G. YUNKER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Child Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

scholarly journals Primate hippocampus size and organization are predicted by sociality but not diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1914) ◽  
pp. 20191712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlin S. Todorov ◽  
Vera Weisbecker ◽  
Emmanuel Gilissen ◽  
Karl Zilles ◽  
Alexandra A. de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Home Range ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Spatial Navigation ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sex Dimorphism ◽  
Cornu Ammonis

The hippocampus is well known for its roles in spatial navigation and memory, but it is organized into regions that have different connections and functional specializations. Notably, the region CA2 has a role in social and not spatial cognition, as is the case for the regions CA1 and CA3 that surround it. Here, we investigated the evolution of the hippocampus in terms of its size and organization in relation to the evolution of social and ecological variables in primates, namely home range, diet and different measures of group size. We found that the volumes within the whole cornu ammonis coevolve with group size, while only the volume of CA1 and subiculum can also be predicted by home range. On the other hand, diet, expressed as a shift from folivory towards frugivory, was shown to not be related to hippocampal volume. Interestingly, CA2 was shown to exhibit phylogenetic signal only against certain measures of group size, but not with ecological factors. We also found that sex differences in the hippocampus are related to body size sex dimorphism. This is in line with reports of sex differences in hippocampal volume in non-primates that are related to social structure and sex differences in behaviour. Our findings support the notion that in primates, the hippocampus is a mosaic structure evolving in line with social pressures, where certain subsections evolve in line with spatial ability too.

scholarly journals Sex differences in cell genesis, hippocampal volume and behavioral outcomes in a rat model of neonatal HI

2016 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 285-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaylyn Waddell ◽  
Marie Hanscom ◽  
N. Shalon Edwards ◽  
Mary C. McKenna ◽  
Margaret M. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Cell Genesis
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