scholarly journals Examining Sex Differences in Markers of Cognition and Neurodegeneration in Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer’s Disease: Preliminary Findings from the Colombian Alzheimer’s Prevention Initiative Biomarker Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 1743-1753
Author(s):  
Clara Vila-Castelar ◽  
Edmarie Guzmán-Vélez ◽  
Enmanuelle Pardilla-Delgado ◽  
Rachel F. Buckley ◽  
Yamile Bocanegra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Word List ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
List Learning ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Female Carriers

Background: Growing evidence suggests that there may be a sex-specific biological risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Individuals with autosomal dominant AD due to a mutation (E280A) in Presenilin-1 (PSEN1) are genetically determined to develop early-onset dementia and thus, have few age-related risk factors for AD that are known to vary by sex (i.e., cardiovascular disease, menopause, life expectancy). Objective: Investigate sex differences in markers of cognition and neurodegeneration in autosomal dominant AD. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in 19 cognitively-unimpaired PSEN1 mutation carriers (age range 20–44; 11 females), 11 symptomatic carriers (age range 42–56; 8 females), and 23 matched non-carriers family members (age range 20–50; 13 females). We examined hippocampal volume ratio, CERAD Total Score, and CERAD Word List (i.e., Learning, Delayed Recall, and Recognition). Mann-Whitney U tests, Spearman correlations and regression models were conducted. Results: There were no differential associations between age, CERAD Total Score, CERAD Word List–Learning, Delayed Recall, Recognition, and hippocampal volume ratio in male and female carriers and non-carriers. Cognitively-unimpaired female carriers showed better CERAD Total scores and CERAD Word List-Learning than cognitively-unimpaired male carriers, despite having similar hippocampal volume ratios. The interaction of sex and hippocampal volume ratio did not predict cognitive performance across groups. Conclusion: Our preliminary findings suggest that cognitively-unimpaired female carriers showed a verbal memory reserve, and as disease progresses, female carriers did not exhibit a cognitive susceptibility to AD-related neurodegeneration. Future studies with larger samples of autosomal dominant AD are warranted to further understand sex differences in AD-related clinical and pathological markers.

Subjective Cognitive Decline and its Relation to Verbal Memory and Sex in Cognitively Unimpaired Individuals from a Colombian Cohort with Autosomal-Dominant Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jairo E. Martinez ◽  
Enmanuelle Pardilla-Delgado ◽  
Edmarie Guzmán-Vélez ◽  
Clara Vila-Castelar ◽  
Rebecca Amariglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Mutation Carriers ◽  
Study Partner

Abstract Objective: Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) may be an early indicator of risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Findings regarding sex differences in SCD are inconsistent. Studying sex differences in SCD within cognitively unimpaired individuals with autosomal-dominant AD (ADAD), who will develop dementia, may inform sex-related SCD variations in preclinical AD. We examined sex differences in SCD within cognitively unimpaired mutation carriers from the world’s largest ADAD kindred and sex differences in the relationship between SCD and memory performance. Methods: We included 310 cognitively unimpaired Presenilin-1 (PSEN-1) E280A mutation carriers (51% females) and 1998 noncarrier family members (56% females) in the study. Subjects and their study partners completed SCD questionnaires and the CERAD word list delayed recall test. ANCOVAs were conducted to examine group differences in SCD, sex, and memory performance. In carriers, partial correlations were used to examine associations between SCD and memory performance covarying for education. Results: Females in both groups had greater self-reported and study partner-reported SCD than males (all p < 0.001). In female mutation carriers, greater self-reported (p = 0.02) and study partner-reported SCD (p < 0.001) were associated with worse verbal memory. In male mutation carriers, greater self-reported (p = 0.03), but not study partner-reported SCD (p = 0.11) was associated with worse verbal memory. Conclusions: Study partner-reported SCD may be a stronger indicator of memory decline in females versus males in individuals at risk for developing dementia. Future studies with independent samples and preclinical trials should consider sex differences when recruiting based on SCD criteria.

Executive dysfunction can explain word-list learning disability in very mild Alzheimer's disease: The Tajiri Project

2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
RYUSAKU HASHIMOTO ◽  
KENICHI MEGURO ◽  
SATOSHI YAMAGUCHI ◽  
JUNICHI ISHIZAKI ◽  
HIROSHI ISHII ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Word List ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
List Learning

scholarly journals Sex differences in body composition in non‐demented individuals with autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (S10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana A Ramirez‐Gomez ◽  
Joshua T Fuller ◽  
Jennifer S Rabin ◽  
Yamile Bocanegra ◽  
Edmarie Guzman‐Velez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer’S Disease

scholarly journals Alzheimer disease brain atrophy subtypes are associated with cognition and rate of decline

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (21) ◽  
pp. 2176-2186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon L. Risacher ◽  
Wesley H. Anderson ◽  
Arnaud Charil ◽  
Peter F. Castelluccio ◽  
Sergey Shcherbinin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Categorical Models

Objective:To test the hypothesis that cortical and hippocampal volumes, measured in vivo from volumetric MRI (vMRI) scans, could be used to identify variant subtypes of Alzheimer disease (AD) and to prospectively predict the rate of clinical decline.Methods:Amyloid-positive participants with AD from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) 1 and ADNI2 with baseline MRI scans (n = 229) and 2-year clinical follow-up (n = 100) were included. AD subtypes (hippocampal sparing [HpSpMRI], limbic predominant [LPMRI], typical AD [tADMRI]) were defined according to an algorithm analogous to one recently proposed for tau neuropathology. Relationships between baseline hippocampal volume to cortical volume ratio (HV:CTV) and clinical variables were examined by both continuous regression and categorical models.Results:When participants were divided categorically, the HpSpMRI group showed significantly more AD-like hypometabolism on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET (p < 0.05) and poorer baseline executive function (p < 0.001). Other baseline clinical measures did not differ across the 3 groups. Participants with HpSpMRI also showed faster subsequent clinical decline than participants with LPMRI on the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale, 13-Item Subscale (ADAS-Cog13), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Functional Assessment Questionnaire (all p < 0.05) and tADMRI on the MMSE and Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) (both p < 0.05). Finally, a larger HV:CTV was associated with poorer baseline executive function and a faster slope of decline in CDR-SB, MMSE, and ADAS-Cog13 score (p < 0.05). These associations were driven mostly by the amount of cortical rather than hippocampal atrophy.Conclusions:AD subtypes with phenotypes consistent with those observed with tau neuropathology can be identified in vivo with vMRI. An increased HV:CTV ratio was predictive of faster clinical decline in participants with AD who were clinically indistinguishable at baseline except for a greater dysexecutive presentation.

Cognitive, Functional, and Mortality Outcomes of Attenuated Delirium Syndrome in Stroke Survivors

2020 ◽  
pp. 089198872094423
Author(s):  
Akin Ojagbemi ◽  
Toyin Bello ◽  
Mayowa Owolabi ◽  
Olusegun Baiyewu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Word List ◽  
Confusion Assessment Method ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Systemic Hypertension ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
List Learning

Objectives: There is a knowledge gap on the prognostic significance of subsyndromes of delirium. We describe the association of poststroke attenuated delirium syndrome (ADS) with cognitive, functional, and mortality outcomes at 3 months. Methods: A longitudinal observational study in which repeated assessments for delirium symptoms were conducted in the first week of stroke using the confusion assessment method. Attenuated delirium syndrome was characterized in survivors who were free of the full delirium syndrome but had ≥2 core features of delirium. Baseline and follow-up assessments were conducted using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), 10-word list learning and delayed recall test, Animal naming test, and Barthel index. Results: Among 150 participants recruited consecutively over 2 years, ADS was present in 32 (21.3%). Of 121 who were free of the full delirium syndrome, 21 (17.4%) had died by 3 months. Those who survived were more likely to be receiving treatment for systemic hypertension (88.5%, P = .007). In analyses adjusting for the effect of age, economic status, and systemic hypertension, ADS in the first week of stroke predicted cognitive decline at 3 months ([mean difference (MD) in MMSE scores = −3.8, 95% CI = −7.0 to −0.7, P = .019]). However, ADS was not associated with greater decline in activities of daily life (MD = −0.4, 95% CI = −2.8 to 2.0) or significant odds ratio (OR) of mortality (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 0.8-6.3). Conclusion: Attenuated delirium syndrome may be an important marker of cognitive impairment at 3 months poststroke. Its detection may lead to identification of stroke survivors who are likely to benefit from evidence-based preventive interventions for poststroke cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Sex and APOE genotype influence Alzheimer’s disease tau neuropathology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Duarte-Guterman ◽  
Arianne Y. Albert ◽  
Cindy K. Barha ◽  
Liisa A.M. Galea
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Amyloid Beta Protein ◽  
Biological Sex

ABSTRACTAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterised by severe cognitive decline and pathological changes in the brain (brain atrophy, hyperphosphorylation of tau, and deposition of toxic amyloid-beta protein). Females have worse neuropathology (AD biomarkers and brain atrophy rates) and cognitive decline than males, however biological sex can interact with diagnosis (mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD) and APOE genotype (number of ε4 alleles), although there are discrepancies between studies. Using the ADNI database, we analysed the effect of sex and APOE genotype (number of ε4 alleles) and sex and diagnosis (cognitively normal (CN), MCI, AD) on cognition (memory and executive function), hippocampal volume, CSF amyloid beta, CSF tau and ptau. More males were diagnosed with MCI but there was no sex difference in those diagnosed with AD, suggesting the progression from CN, MCI to AD may be sex-specific. We found, consistent with some studies, that females had higher levels of CSF tau-pathology that was disproportionately affected by APOE genotype compared to males. These results suggest that sex and APOE genotype effects on AD biomarkers may influence sex differences in incidence and progression of MCI and AD. We also detected sex differences in hippocampal volume but the direction was dependent on the method of correction. Females had better memory (including verbal) scores than males, which may suggest a delay in the onset of cognitive decline or diagnosis.

Gist Distinctions in Healthy Cognitive Aging Versus Mild Alzheimer's Disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra B. Chapman ◽  
Raksha Anand ◽  
Garen Sparks ◽  
C. Munro Cullum
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Word List ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
The Third

AbstractThere is limited understanding of the effects of normal and abnormal aging on gist-based memory in relation to the massive evidence regarding detail-based memory. This void is striking given the widely accepted view that memory is rarely veridical, but most often abstracted. The present study examined the effects of healthy advanced aging and mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) on three distinct forms of gist. Two of these gist forms involved a passage: transformed gist (global generalised meaning of a passage) and main-idea gist (main points of a passage). The third gist form involved a word list: categorical gist (clustering of words according to semantic categories during list recall). These gist forms were assessed in immediate and delayed recall conditions. A total of 36 participants were included: 12 cognitively healthy young seniors (65–79 years), 12 cognitively healthy old seniors (80–95 years), and 12 young seniors with mild AD (65–79 years). The findings revealed that age and dementia did not equally affect all three forms of gist. Specifically, transformed gist was relatively maintained in the cognitively healthy senior groups as compared to the other two gist forms (main-idea gist and categorical gist), whereas all three gist forms were impaired in individuals with AD. The present study suggests that transformed gist operates differently than detail-based memory in the cognitively healthy senior groups. These findings have important theoretical implications in terms of informing existing models on the interrelationship between gist and detail-based memory and clinical implications in diagnosis of AD.

C-13 Sex Differences in Cognitive and Neurobiological Markers of Alzheimer's Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1041-1042
Author(s):  
J O'Hara ◽  
D Norton ◽  
R Koscik ◽  
N Lambrou ◽  
M Wyman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Preclinical Ad ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Naming Test

Abstract Objective Previous work has demonstrated that intra-individual cognitive variability (IICV) has predictive power similar to traditional Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers, such as CSF or hippocampal volume (HV) loss. Genetic factors, such as sex, have been identified as predictors of cognitive decline. Analysis of sex differences in IICV and other biomarkers may elucidate additional dimensions of this metric. Method Baseline neurocognitive test and neuroimaging data from 335 participants with ≥2 visits enrolled in the Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center Clinical Core were included. Z-scores were calculated comparing individual performance to group performance by test (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (Learning and Delayed Recall), Trail Making Test (A and B), and either Boston Naming Test (BNT) or Multilingual Naming Test (MINT)). MINT scores were converted to BNT scores using the NACC Crosswalk Study. The standard deviation of z-scores across tests was calculated to determine IICV. Characteristics by sex were compared using Mann-Whitney and Fisher’s Exact tests. Spearman’s Rho was calculated to compare IICV and HV (relative to intercranial volume). Results At baseline (Table 1): (1) Males had more education than females; (2) females had both higher relative HV and IICV; and (3) in females, relative HV demonstrated a weak positive correlation with baseline IICV (Figure 1). Conclusions IICV has previously demonstrated potential as a cost-effective non-invasive marker of preclinical AD. In females, larger relative HV and its correlation with IICV may be due to differences in metabolic brain age or concurrent progression of HV and IICV through the AD process. Analyses of other biopsychosocial factors are needed.

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