Chemostat-cultivatedEscherichia coli at high dilution rate: Multiple steady states and drift

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Majewski ◽  
M. M. Domach
Keyword(s):  
Dilution Rate ◽  
Steady States ◽  
Multiple Steady States ◽  
High Dilution ◽  
High Dilution Rate

Evolution of Fusarium graminearum A3/5 grown in a series of glucose-limited chemostat cultures at a high dilution rate

1995 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn G. Wiebe ◽  
Geoffrey D. Robson ◽  
Stephen G. Oliver ◽  
Anthony P.J. Trinci
Keyword(s):  
Dilution Rate ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
High Dilution ◽  
Chemostat Cultures ◽  
High Dilution Rate

scholarly journals Effects of the antibiotic monensin and an inhibitor of methanogenesis on in vitro continuous rumen fermentations

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Stanier ◽  
A. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dilution Rate ◽  
Rate Control ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
High Dilution ◽  
In Vitro System ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
High Dilution Rate

1. The effects of a methane inhibitor, ICI 111075, and a propionate enhancer, monensin, were studied using in vitro continuous fermenters.2. Both compounds increased the yield of substrate energy, carbon and hydrogen in volatile fatty acids (VFA). This was mainly due to an increase in the molar proportion of propionic acid.3. Improved yields of VFA were accompanied by reductions in methane production and microbial yield.4. Since published information showed that monensin reduced rumen dilution rate in vivo an analogous in vitro system was proposed in which a high dilution rate control fermenter was compared with a monensin treated fermenter set to run at a low dilution rate.5.Results showed that the general intrinsic microbial activity of the chemical manipulators was not affected by changes in dilution rate. Changing dilution rate in addition to chemical treatment however resulted in substantial modifications in the net effect on the fermentation.6. The practical implications of reducing rumen dilution rate as a side effect of chemically manipulating the rumen fermentation could involve changes in food intake, increased importance of secondary fermentations and a reduced effect of nutrients not degraded in the rumen.

POVERTY TRAPS AND INFERIOR GOODS IN A DYNAMIC HECKSCHER–OHLIN MODEL

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1227-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric W. Bond ◽  
Kazumichi Iwasa ◽  
Kazuo Nishimura
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Steady State ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Steady States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Poverty Traps ◽  
Poverty Trap ◽  
Multiple Steady States ◽  
The World ◽  
State Capital

We extend the dynamic Heckscher–Ohlin model in Bond et al. [Economic Theory(48, 171–204, 2011)] and show that if the labor-intensive good is inferior, then there may exist multiple steady states in autarky and poverty traps can arise. Poverty traps for the world economy, in the form of Pareto-dominated steady states, are also shown to exist. We show that the opening of trade can have the effect of pulling the initially poorer country out of a poverty trap, with both countries having steady state capital stocks exceeding the autarky level. However, trade can also pull an initially richer country into a poverty trap. These possibilities are a sharp contrast with dynamic Heckscher–Ohlin models with normality in consumption, where the country with the larger (smaller) capital stock than the other will reach a steady state where the level of welfare is higher (lower) than in the autarkic steady state.

50 Multiple steady states in electrochemical reactors

1980 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 396-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
George P. Sakellaropoulos ◽  
Brian G. Volintine
Keyword(s):  
Steady States ◽  
Multiple Steady States ◽  
Electrochemical Reactors

scholarly journals Intensification of Reactive Distillation for TAME Synthesis Based on the Analysis of Multiple Steady-State Conditions

Processes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehiro Yamaki ◽  
Keigo Matsuda ◽  
Duangkamol Na-Ranong ◽  
Hideyuki Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Reactive Distillation ◽  
Steady States ◽  
Vapor Flow ◽  
Multiple Steady States ◽  
Reflux Ratio ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Reaction Conversion ◽  
Reaction Performance ◽  
Separation Performances

Our previous study reported that operation in multiple steady states contributes to an improvement in reaction conversion, making it possible to reduce the energy consumption of the reactive distillation process for tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME) synthesis. This study clarified the factors responsible for an improvement in the reaction conversion for operation in the multiple steady states of the reactive distillation column used in TAME synthesis. The column profiles for those conditions, in which multiple steady states existed and those in which they did not exist, were compared. The vapor and liquid flow rates with the multiple steady states were larger than those when the multiple steady states did not exist. The effect of the duty of the intermediate condenser, which was introduced at the top of the reactive section, on the liquid flow rate for a reflux ratio of 1 was examined. The amount of TAME production increased from 55.2 to 72.1 kmol/h when the intermediate condenser was operated at 0 to −5 MW. Furthermore, the effect of the intermediate reboiler duty on the reaction performance was evaluated. The results revealed that the liquid and vapor flow rates influenced the reaction and separation performances, respectively.

The NO + CO reaction on clean Pt(lOO): Multiple steady states and oscillations

1988 ◽  
Vol 206 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 169-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.B. Schwartz ◽  
L.D. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Steady States ◽  
Multiple Steady States
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