Process analysis and optimal design of a fermentation process based upon elemental balance equations: Generalized semitheoretical equations for estimating rates of oxygen demand and heat evolution

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1289-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis Ho
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Heat Evolution ◽  
Balance Equations ◽  
Elemental Balance

A critical process analysis of wine production to improve cost, quality and environmental performance

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Sheridan ◽  
F.F. Bauer ◽  
S. Burton ◽  
L. Lorenzen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Electrical Consumption ◽  
Improve Cost

Wine production in South Africa is delocalised, with numerous small-to-medium sized producers within several regions within the Western Cape. Whilst adapting to new technological changes, producers have to respond to pressure from consumers and governments regarding the environmental consequences of winemaking, especially water usage and pollution. To date, no systematic analysis integrating the various aspects of winemaking in South Africa has been done. This study assessed both physical inputs and outputs. A detailed questionnaire was developed to broadly assess these parameters and was submitted to all cellars in South Africa. Case studies were performed at three cellars during the 2002 harvest season to validate the questionnaires and collect missing information. Based on this, and a cocurrent project, the following parameters were correlated to the tons of grapes presses per annum: effluent parameters which include chemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, total dissolved solids, sodium adsorption ratio, quantity of effluent; wine produced, water consumed, and electricity consumed. These parameters were used to develop an input/output model. This model may be used by wineries to predict their water and electrical consumption, wine produced and effluent characteristics provided they know the tonnage of grapes pressed per year.

scholarly journals Optimal Design and Simulation Analysis of Spike Tooth Threshing Component Based on DEM

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1163
Author(s):  
Yajun Yu ◽  
Liangshan Li ◽  
Jiale Zhao ◽  
Xiangeng Wang ◽  
Jun Fu
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Damage Rate ◽  
Tooth Type ◽  
Simulation Time

This paper takes a local drum-type corn thresher as an example. In order to make the threshing principle transform to the plate-tooth type, the width of the spike-tooth threshing component is increased gradually, and three threshing components of different shape and size are selected as the research objects. Based on the preliminary experimental research, the corn threshing process is simulation analyzed using the self-developed corn threshing process analysis software. The effects of the width of the threshing component on the corn ears threshing rate and kernel damage rate under different rates of drum rotation were studied from a macroscopic perspective. The results show that with the increase of drum rotation rate, both the corn ear threshing rate and kernel damage rate increase; with the increase of threshing component width, the threshing rate increases and the damage rate decreases; and when the component width is too large, the stacking between adjacent components has an impact on the threshing performance. The effects of threshing component width on the amount of kernel threshing and the total compressive force during the simulation time were investigated from microscopic perspective at different rates of drum rotation, and the results show that the microscopic analysis is consistent with the macroscopic analysis. Therefore, the optimization of the structural parameters and operating parameters of the threshing component was achieved. When the width of the threshing component was 25 mm and the roller speed was 187.50 rpm, the threshing performance was optimal, with a 98.04% corn ears threshing rate and a 2.56% kernel damage rate. This paper verifies the practical applicability of the corn threshing process analysis software and provides a reference for the optimal design of threshing devices.

Process Analysis of Laser Beam Cladding

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. H. Kaplan ◽  
G. Groboth
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Balance Equations ◽  
Energy Redistribution ◽  
Geometrical Properties ◽  
Clad Layer ◽  
Powder Mass ◽  
Balance Equations Of Energy

The technology of laser beam cladding of metals by single-step powder delivery is analyzed with a process model which is based on balance equations of energy and mass. Effects like powder heating, clad layer formation, substrate dilution and overlapping of tracks are discussed in dependence of the process parameters. In particular, the powder catchment efficiency and the beam energy redistribution in the material can be optimized by the powder mass flow rate and by the geometrical properties of the beam and of the powder jet.

scholarly journals Application of composite degradable modified starch-based flocculant on dewatering and recycling properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 2051-2061
Author(s):  
Jianbo Liu ◽  
Shouhao Jia ◽  
Liming Xu ◽  
Feifei Zhu ◽  
Shan Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Modified Starch ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal ◽  
Sludge Dewatering ◽  
Capillary Suction ◽  
And Storage

Abstract Sludge dewatering is an important step for wastewater treatment. Composite degradable flocculant (CDF) was prepared by cationic polyacrylamide (PAM) grafting onto modified starch with a novel initiator, and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The microstructure of flocculated sludge was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The study investigated the properties of CDF compared to PAM, which showed that the prepared CDF exhibited a highly effective flocculation on sludge dewatering, a higher transmittance and chemical oxygen demand removal rate, and a lower value of effluent ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus. The fermentation process was also analyzed by testing the performance of dewatered sludge (temperature, pH, ammonia nitrogen, E4/E6 (humic acid absorbance at 465 nm (E4) and 665 nm (E6))). The dehydrated sludge with CDF could be easily compressed into cakes by belt-filter for easy transportation and storage. With the continuous addition of CDF and PAM, the corresponding index of capillary suction time (CST) increased. Moreover, the total value of CST with CDF was low, showing a good dewaterability. In addition, the sludge index of pumping time and moisture content with CDF were low in contrast with PAM. Fermentation experiments demonstrated that sludge with CDF had a comparatively high temperature and low value of E4/E6. Such novel CDF shows enormous potential in wastewater treatment and sludge fermentation.

scholarly journals Effect of Agitation to Hydrocarbon Degradation by a Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacterium isolated from Chevron Pacific Indonesia’s Waste Tank in Petapahan, Riau

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-150
Author(s):  
Irda Sayuti
Keyword(s):  
Batch Fermentation ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Agitation Speed ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Hydrocarbon Degradation ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria ◽  
West Sumatra

Oxygen content is a limiting factor in the process of hydrocarbon compounds degradation by hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria. Oxygen may be supplied through agitation (stirring) during fermentation process by hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria. This study aims to to determine the optimal agitation speed for batch fermentation process by hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria isolated from the waste tank of PT Chevron Pacific Indonesia (CPI) Petapahan, Riau. This study was conducted in Biota laboratory, Universitas Andalas, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria were recovered from waste samples by culturing into nutrient broth. Three different agitation speed viz. 110, 120, and 130 rpm were selected as optimization factors. The results show that the percentage of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation are 79.72, 87.49, and 88.35 for 110, 120, and 130 rpm, respectively. Meanwhile, chemical oxygen demand (COD) monitored during fermentation are 88.48, 90.06, and 90.16%, respectively. The agitation speed of 130 rpm is then designated as optimum factor for hydrocarbon degradation by hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria.

Theoretical Contributions to the Accuracy of Parts by Moulding and Injection Moulding

2014 ◽  
Vol 656 ◽  
pp. 270-279
Author(s):  
Ionela Iordan ◽  
Constantin Dogariu ◽  
Cristina Mohora
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Injection Moulding ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Plastic Parts

The purpose of this study is to analyse, by simulation, the injection of ABS plastic parts and track results on piece deformations after the latter was removed from the mould. Injection Process. Analysis was performed using the Autodesk Moldflow professional package. The results of the theoretical analysis by numerical methods are used for optimal design of the die to reduce and eliminate the strains and defect parts.

Whey utilization in a two-stage fermentation process

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aladár Vidra ◽  
Áron Németh
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Lactobacillus Species ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Propionibacterium Acidipropionici ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Feasible Option

Abstract Whey is a major by-product of the cheese and dairy industry and has valuable nutritional constituents, however poses a major environmental risk if disposed of without prior treatment. The main components of whey except of water are lactose, lactic acid, soluble proteins, lipids, vitamins and mineral salts which give a very high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) load (30,000 - 50,000 ppm and 60.000 - 80,000 ppm, respectively) to the whey. This composition provides adequate nitrogen and carbon source to be utilized by microorganisms. The aim of this study was to examine the whey utilization in a two-stage fermentation process using Lactobacillus species and Propionibacterium acidipropionici. In the first stage Lactobacillus species utilise the main part of the nitrogen source while covert lactose content to lactic acid. In the second stage Propionibacterium acidipropionici utilize lactic acid and produce propionic acid. This two-stage fermentation process can be a feasible option, both for bioremediation of whey and production of propionic acid from waste sources. High lactose conversion (>90%) to lactic acid was achieved at the first stage, but its conversion to propionic acid during the second stage was insufficient (~30%). The COD was successfully decreased during the fermentations.

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