Microbial biofilms: New catalysts for maximizing productivity of long-term biotransformations

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1123-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Gross ◽  
Bernhard Hauer ◽  
Katja Otto ◽  
Andreas Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biofilms

Lubrication dynamics of swollen silicones to limit long term fouling and microbial biofilms

Soft Matter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Lavielle ◽  
Dalal Asker ◽  
Benjamin D. Hatton
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Microbial Biofilms

Swollen iPDMS silicones generate a liquid interface through syneresis to prevent bacterial adhesion.

Biofilm prevention potential of 0.02% polyhexanide irrigation solution in urethral catheters under practice-like in vitro conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian H. H. Brill ◽  
Julia Hambach ◽  
Christian Utpatel ◽  
Diana Mogrovejo ◽  
Henrik Gabriel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Irrigation Solution ◽  
Term Tolerability ◽  
Prevention Potential ◽  
Saline Solutions

Abstract Background Long-term use of indwelling urethral catheters is associated with high risk of urinary tract infection (UTI) and blockage. Microbial biofilms are a common cause of catheter blockage, reduce their lifetime and significantly increase morbidity of UTIs. A 0.02% polyhexanide irrigation solution developed for routine mechanical rinsing shows potential for bacterial decolonization of suprapubic and indwelling urethral catheters and has the potential to reduce or prevent biofilm formation. Methods Using a practice-like in vitro assay and standard silicon catheters, artificially contaminated with clinically relevant bacteria, assays were carried out to evaluate the biofilm reduction and prevention potential of polyhexanide vs. no intervention (standard approach) and irrigation with saline solution (NaCl 0.9%). The biofilm mass was measured by crystal violet staining and fluorescence microscopy. Results Irrigation with a 0.02% polyhexanide solution reduced the biofilm mass by approx. 85% vs. non-treated catheters. Standard 0.9% saline solution was able to reduce the biofilm mass by approx. 50%. Fluorescence microscopy showed that polyhexanide is able to destroy bacteria in the biofilm, albeit only those cells on the upper layers. Conclusions The polyhexanide and standard saline solutions are able to reduce bacterial biofilm from urinary catheters, showing a combination of mechanical and antibacterial effects. The data supports a prevention strategy to avoid the formation of a thick biofilm, which is characteristically difficult to be efficiently removed. Further research is required to evaluate the long-term tolerability and efficacy of polyhexanide in clinical practice.

Long-term, on-line monitoring of microbial biofilms using a quartz crystal microbalance

1993 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Nivens ◽  
James Q. Chambers ◽  
Tina R. Anderson ◽  
David C. White
Keyword(s):  
Quartz Crystal Microbalance ◽  
Quartz Crystal ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
On Line

scholarly journals Biofilm reduction potential of 0.02% polyhexanide irrigation solution in several types of urethral catheters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian H. H. Brill ◽  
Julia Hambach ◽  
Christian Utpatel ◽  
Diana Mogrovejo ◽  
Henrik Gabriel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Irrigation Solution ◽  
Term Tolerability

Abstract Background Long-term use of urethral catheters is associated with high risk of urinary tract infection (UTI) and blockage. Microbial biofilms are a common cause of catheter blockage, reducing their lifetime and significantly increasing morbidity of UTIs. A 0.02% polyhexanide irrigation solution developed for routine mechanical rinsing shows potential for bacterial decolonization of urethral catheters and has the potential to reduce or prevent biofilm formation.Methods Using an in vitro assay with standard market-leading types of catheters artificially contaminated with clinically relevant bacteria, assays were carried out to evaluate the biofilm reduction and prevention potential of a 0.02% polyhexanide solution vs. no intervention (standard approach) and irrigation with saline solution (NaCl 0.9%). The efficiency of decolonization was measured through microbial plate count and membrane filtration.Results Irrigation using a 0.02% polyhexanide solution is suitable for the decolonization of a variety of transurethral catheters. The effect observed is significant compared to irrigation with 0.9% saline solution (p = 0.001) or no treatment (p = 0.018). No significant difference was found between irrigation with 0.9% saline solution and no treatment (p = 0.94). Conclusions The polyhexanide and standard saline solutions are able to reduce bacterial biofilm from urinary catheters, showing a combination of mechanical and antibacterial effects. The data supports a prevention strategy to reduce thick biofilms, which are characteristically difficult to be efficiently removed. Further research is required to evaluate the long-term tolerability and efficacy of polyhexanide in clinical practice.

Therapy and prevention for mental health: What if mental diseases are mostly not brain disorders?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. A. Ioannidis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Labor Education ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Political Decisions

AbstractNeurobiology-based interventions for mental diseases and searches for useful biomarkers of treatment response have largely failed. Clinical trials should assess interventions related to environmental and social stressors, with long-term follow-up; social rather than biological endpoints; personalized outcomes; and suitable cluster, adaptive, and n-of-1 designs. Labor, education, financial, and other social/political decisions should be evaluated for their impacts on mental disease.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

Brief summary of Kleť photographic search programme for minor planets

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 189-192
Author(s):  
J. Tichá ◽  
M. Tichý ◽  
Z. Moravec
Keyword(s):  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Minor Planet ◽  
Minor Planets ◽  
Main Belt

AbstractA long-term photographic search programme for minor planets was begun at the Kleť Observatory at the end of seventies using a 0.63-m Maksutov telescope, but with insufficient respect for long-arc follow-up astrometry. More than two thousand provisional designations were given to new Kleť discoveries. Since 1993 targeted follow-up astrometry of Kleť candidates has been performed with a 0.57-m reflector equipped with a CCD camera, and reliable orbits for many previous Kleť discoveries have been determined. The photographic programme results in more than 350 numbered minor planets credited to Kleť, one of the world's most prolific discovery sites. Nearly 50 per cent of them were numbered as a consequence of CCD follow-up observations since 1994.This brief summary describes the results of this Kleť photographic minor planet survey between 1977 and 1996. The majority of the Kleť photographic discoveries are main belt asteroids, but two Amor type asteroids and one Trojan have been found.

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