Reducing stereotypic behavior through discrimination training, differential reinforcement of other behavior, and self-monitoring

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Shabani ◽  
David A. Wilder ◽  
William A. Flood
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Training ◽  
Differential Reinforcement ◽  
Stereotypic Behavior ◽  
Self Monitoring

Is accurate self-monitoring necessary for people with acquired neurological problems to benefit from the use of differential reinforcement methods?

Brain Injury ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Knight ◽  
Neil A. Rutterford ◽  
Nick Alderman ◽  
Louise J. Swan
Keyword(s):  
Differential Reinforcement ◽  
Self Monitoring

Colour versus quantity as cues in reverse-reward-competent squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus)

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-680
Author(s):  
James R. Anderson ◽  
Shunji Awazu ◽  
Kazuo Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Discrimination Training ◽  
Differential Reinforcement ◽  
Squirrel Monkeys ◽  
The Other ◽  
Saimiri Sciureus ◽  
Colour Discrimination ◽  
Reward Contingency ◽  
Relative Salience ◽  
Good Retention

To assess the relative salience of colour and quantity cues, squirrel monkeys previously trained to reach for the smaller of two quantities of food in a reverse-reward contingency task received colour discrimination training. After initial failure to discriminate between two colours of dots under a differential reinforcement regime, they learned the task when the S− colour was associated with zero reward. The monkeys then showed good retention on the original reverse-reward task of 1 versus 4 with pairs of dots presented in S+ or S− colours. However, on “mismatch” trials of 1S− versus 4S+, only 2 of 4 monkeys tested showed a preference—1 monkey chose based on quantity, the other based on colour. Individual differences and the possible roles of overshadowing and blocking are discussed.

Low-voltage field-emission SEM of polymeric membranes for glucose biosensors

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 860-861
Author(s):  
Lorna K. Mayo ◽  
Kenneth C. Moore ◽  
Mark A. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Sensor ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Glucose Sensors ◽  
Polymeric Membranes ◽  
Artificial Endocrine Pancreas ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Conducting Materials ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Living Tissues ◽  
Voltage Scanning

An implantable artificial endocrine pancreas consisting of a glucose sensor and a closed-loop insulin delivery system could potentially replace the need for glucose self-monitoring and regulation among insulin dependent diabetics. Achieving such a break through largely depends on the development of an appropriate, biocompatible membrane for the sensor. Biocompatibility is crucial since changes in the glucose sensors membrane resulting from attack by orinter action with living tissues can interfere with sensor reliability and accuracy. If such interactions can be understood, however, compensations can be made for their effects. Current polymer technology offers several possible membranes that meet the unique chemical dynamics required of a glucose sensor. Two of the most promising polymer membranes are polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and silicone (Si). Low-voltage scanning electron microscopy, which is an excellent technique for characterizing a variety of polymeric and non-conducting materials, 27 was applied to the examination of experimental sensor membranes.

Using Popular Mobile Devices in Voice Therapy

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva van Leer
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Behavior ◽  
Voice Therapy ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Mobile Platforms ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Motivational Messages ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Tailored Approach

Mobile tools are increasingly available to help individuals monitor their progress toward health behavior goals. Commonly known commercial products for health and fitness self-monitoring include wearable devices such as the Fitbit© and Nike + Pedometer© that work independently or in conjunction with mobile platforms (e.g., smartphones, media players) as well as web-based interfaces. These tools track and graph exercise behavior, provide motivational messages, offer health-related information, and allow users to share their accomplishments via social media. Approximately 2 million software programs or “apps” have been designed for mobile platforms (Pure Oxygen Mobile, 2013), many of which are health-related. The development of mobile health devices and applications is advancing so quickly that the Food and Drug Administration issued a Guidance statement with the purpose of defining mobile medical applications and describing a tailored approach to their regulation.

Persönlichkeitspsychologie in interaktionistischer Sicht* * Ich bedanke mich bei Jens B. Asendorpf, Peter Bokenau, Karl-Heinz Reimer, Harald Schaub, Astrid Schütz und Caroline Spielhagen für die wertvollen Anregungen, die sich aus ihrer Durchsicht des Manuskripts ergaben.

2000 ◽  
Vol 208 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 242-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lothar Laux
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Self Monitoring

Zusammenfassung: Hauptziel des Beitrags ist es, zwei persönlichkeitspsychologische Grundpositionen, den Eigenschaftsansatz und den dynamisch-interaktionistischen Ansatz, aufeinander zu beziehen. Als Beispiel für die dominierende Eigenschaftsorientierung der deutschsprachigen Persönlichkeitspsychologie wird im ersten Abschnitt das Fünf-Faktoren Modell dargestellt und mit alternativen Ansätzen verglichen. Im zweiten Abschnitt wird die Position vertreten, daß Eigenschaftsmodelle mit der Konzeption des dynamischen Interaktionismus vereinbar sind. Dies wird am Beispiel der Selbstdarstellungsforschung, die sich auf Müller-Freienfels zurückführen läßt, veranschaulicht. Eigenschaften können nicht nur (1) als Prädiktoren von Selbstdarstellung, sondern auch (2) als Produkte von Selbstdarstellung aufgefaßt werden: Als Beispiel für den ersten Fall bietet sich die Persönlichkeitsdimension “Self-Monitoring” an. Außerdem wird “Persönlichkeitsdarstellung” als neuer Selbstdarstellungsstil eingeführt. Als Beispiele für Eigenschaften als Selbstdarstellungsprodukte dienen “situative Identitäten” sowie die “Big Five”, die als Stile der Selbstdarstellung interpretiert werden. Im dritten Abschnitt geht es um eine kritische Einschätzung des “Selbst als Beziehung” von Gergen . Seine Auffassung, daß grundlegende Annahmen von Eigenschaftsmodellen nicht länger gültig sind, konnte in einer explorativen Untersuchung nicht bestätigt werden. Um zu einer Lösung des Problems der Einheit in der Vielheit des Selbst beizutragen, wird schließlich das Sternsche Konzept einer zielbezogenen “unitas multiplex” vorgestellt.

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