Identity matching to sample and exclusion performance in elderly with and without neurocognitive disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Ribeiro Camara ◽  
Mariana Ducatti ◽  
Andréia Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
Matching To Sample ◽  
Identity Matching

Reflexivity in Rats: Location Control in Generalized Identity Matching-to-Sample

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Beurms ◽  
Ana Gloria Plaza Jurado ◽  
Ana Sánchez-Kuhn ◽  
Jan De Houwer ◽  
Tom Beckers
Keyword(s):  
Sample Stimulus ◽  
Matching To Sample ◽  
Middle Position ◽  
Direct Training ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
Identity Matching

Reflexivity entails that an organism can match a stimulus to itself (“A=A”) without direct training. Reflexivity is typically studied in identity matching-to-sample tasks wherein subjects are first presented with a sample stimulus in the middle position and trained to select the same stimulus from two comparison stimuli that are subsequently presented in the side positions. However, when the position of the comparisons is altered, nonhuman animals often revert to responding at chance levels, suggesting that they encode the location of stimuli together with their identity as part of the functional stimulus. This might hamper generalization of the task to novel stimuli (i.e., generalized identity matching-to-sample), which would be an observation of reflexivity. To test whether the use of multiple locations facilitates generalized identity matching-to-sample in rats, we used an olfactory matching-to-sample task. Two rats received training in which the location of the stimuli varied randomly. The speed with which they learned to match identical odors and the generalization to new stimuli was compared with two rats that received standard matching-to-sample training in which the location of the stimuli was fixed. We observed generalized identity matching-to-sample in two rats that could not be explained by reinforcement recency. However, we found no evidence that the use of multiple locations facilitated generalized identity matching-to-sample.

scholarly journals Conditional Discriminations by Preverbal Children in an Identity Matching-to-Sample Task

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Stella C. de Alcantara Gil ◽  
Thais Porlan de Oliveira ◽  
William J. McIlvane
Keyword(s):  
Matching To Sample ◽  
Conditional Discriminations ◽  
Identity Matching ◽  
Preverbal Children

scholarly journals Generalized Identity Matching-to-Sample After Multiple-Exemplar Training in Capuchin Monkeys

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Leda F. Brino ◽  
Olavo F. Galvão ◽  
Carlos R. F. Picanço ◽  
Romariz S. Barros ◽  
Carlos B. A. Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matching To Sample ◽  
Capuchin Monkeys ◽  
Multiple Exemplar Training ◽  
Identity Matching

Generalized Identity Matching-To-Sample In Cebus Apella

2002 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romariz Da Silva Barros ◽  
Olavo De Faria Galvão ◽  
William J. McIlvane
Keyword(s):  
Cebus Apella ◽  
Matching To Sample ◽  
Identity Matching

Influence of Identity versus Oddity Pretraining on Symmetric Matching to Sample

2009 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 861-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harrie Boelens ◽  
Jacqueline Schenk
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Equivalence ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Reinforcement Contingency ◽  
Matching To Sample ◽  
Identity Group ◽  
Identity Matching ◽  
Arbitrary Matching

Identity and oddity matching tasks were designed for different groups of 5-yr.-old children. The presentation of tasks continued until all children had shown evidence of appropriate generalization to new stimuli (i.e., generalized identity matching or generalized oddity from sample). All children then received training on an arbitrary matching-to-sample task. Finally, tests of reflexivity and symmetry in responding were carried out in three consecutive sessions. The children in the Identity group showed reflexivity and symmetry in responses on all three tests; the children in the Oddity group showed oddity in responses on all tests, and a gradual increase in symmetry of responses across tests. These results provide evidence against special versions of multiple-exemplar and reinforcement contingency accounts of stimulus equivalence. Versions of the accounts to explain the findings are discussed.

An Analysis of Generalized Identity Matching-to-Sample Test Procedures

1992 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
William V. Dube ◽  
William J. McIlvane ◽  
Gina Green
Keyword(s):  
Matching To Sample ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Identity Matching ◽  
Sample Test
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