Plant viruses: A tool-box for genetic engineering and crop protection

BioEssays ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Michael ◽  
A. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Plant Viruses

scholarly journals Plant Viruses and Bacteriophage-Based Reagents for Diagnosis and Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 559-587
Author(s):  
Sourabh Shukla ◽  
He Hu ◽  
Hui Cai ◽  
Soo-Khim Chan ◽  
Christine E. Boone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Diagnosis Therapy

Viral nanotechnology exploits the prefabricated nanostructures of viruses, which are already abundant in nature. With well-defined molecular architectures, viral nanocarriers offer unprecedented opportunities for precise structural and functional manipulation using genetic engineering and/or bio-orthogonal chemistries. In this manner, they can be loaded with diverse molecular payloads for targeted delivery. Mammalian viruses are already established in the clinic for gene therapy and immunotherapy, and inactivated viruses or virus-like particles have long been used as vaccines. More recently, plant viruses and bacteriophages have been developed as nanocarriers for diagnostic imaging, vaccine and drug delivery, and combined diagnosis/therapy (theranostics). The first wave of these novel virus-based tools has completed clinical development and is poised to make an impact on clinical practice.

scholarly journals Exogenous RNAs for Gene Regulation and Plant Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra S. Dubrovina ◽  
Konstantin V. Kiselev
Keyword(s):  
Crop Protection ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Exogenous Rna ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses ◽  
Plant Surfaces ◽  
Uptake Mechanisms ◽  
Provided Examples

Recent investigations documented that plants can uptake and process externally applied double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs), hairpin RNAs (hpRNAs), and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) designed to silence important genes of plant pathogenic viruses, fungi, or insects. The exogenously applied RNAs spread locally and systemically, move into the pathogens, and induce RNA interference-mediated plant pathogen resistance. Recent findings also provided examples of plant transgene and endogene post-transcriptional down-regulation by complementary dsRNAs or siRNAs applied onto the plant surfaces. Understanding the plant perception and processing of exogenous RNAs could result in the development of novel biotechnological approaches for crop protection. This review summarizes and discusses the emerging studies reporting on exogenous RNA applications for down-regulation of essential fungal and insect genes, targeting of plant viruses, or suppression of plant transgenes and endogenes for increased resistance and changed phenotypes. We also analyze the current understanding of dsRNA uptake mechanisms and dsRNA stability in plant environments.

Impact of genetic engineering on crop protection

1984 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Comai ◽  
David M. Stalker
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Crop Protection

Aphid Feeding on Plant Lectins Falling Virus Transmission Rates: A Multicase Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1635-1639
Author(s):  
Frederic Francis ◽  
Julian Chen ◽  
Liu Yong ◽  
Emilie Bosquee
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Plant Lectins ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

Abstract Aphids are insect vectors that have piercing–sucking mouthparts supporting diversified patterns of virus–vector interactions. Aphids primarily retain circulative viruses in the midgut/hindgut, whereas noncirculative viruses tend to be retained in the stylet. Most viruses, and many proteins from animals, have carbohydrate or carbohydrate-binding sites. Lectins vary in their specificity, of which some are able to bind to viral glycoproteins. To assess the potential competition between lectins and viral particles in virus transmission by aphids, this study examined how feeding plant lectins to aphids affects the transmission efficiency of viruses. Sitobion avenae (F, 1794) (Homoptera: Aphididae) aphids fed with Pisum sativum lectin (PSL) transmitted Barley yellow dwarf virus with significantly lower efficiency (four-fold ratio). Pea enation mosaic virus was significantly reduced in Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris (Homoptera: Aphididae) aphids fed with the lectin Concanavalin A. In comparison, the transmission of Potato virus Y was significantly reduced when Myzus persicae Sultzer (Homoptera: Aphididae) aphids were fed with PSL. Thus, lectin could be used as a blocking agent of plant viruses, facilitating an alternative approach for crop protection.

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