Short-range inversions: Rethinking organelle genome stability

BioEssays ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1086-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Tremblay-Belzile ◽  
Étienne Lepage ◽  
Éric Zampini ◽  
Normand Brisson
Keyword(s):  
Genome Stability ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Organelle Genome

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Organelle Genome Stability in Physcomitrella patens

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Odahara
Keyword(s):  
Genome Stability ◽  
Physcomitrella Patens ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Organelle Genome ◽  
Organelle Genomes ◽  
Recombination Repair ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bacterial Type

Organelle genomes are essential for plants; however, the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of organelle genomes are incompletely understood. Using the basal land plant Physcomitrella patens as a model, nuclear-encoded homologs of bacterial-type homologous recombination repair (HRR) factors have been shown to play an important role in the maintenance of organelle genome stability by suppressing recombination between short dispersed repeats. In this review, I summarize the factors and pathways involved in the maintenance of genome stability, as well as the repeats that cause genomic instability in organelles in P. patens, and compare them with findings in other plant species. I also discuss the relationship between HRR factors and organelle genome structure from the evolutionary standpoint.

scholarly journals Non-homologous end joining minimizes errors by coordinating DNA processing with ligation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin M. Stinson ◽  
Andrew T. Moreno ◽  
Johannes C. Walter ◽  
Joseph J. Loparo
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Genome Stability ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Genome Instability ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
End Joining ◽  
Synaptic Complex ◽  
Processing Enzymes ◽  
Non Homologous End Joining ◽  
Dna Ends

Genome stability requires efficient and faithful repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). The predominant DSB repair pathway in human cells is non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), which directly ligates DNA ends1–5. Broken DNA ends at DSBs are chemically diverse, and many are not compatible for direct ligation by the NHEJ-associated DNA Ligase IV (Lig4). To solve this problem, NHEJ end-processing enzymes including polymerases and nucleases modify ends until they are ligatable. How cells regulate end processing to minimize unnecessary genomic alterations6 during repair of pathological DSBs remains unknown. Using a biochemical system that recapitulates key features of cellular NHEJ, we previously demonstrated that DNA ends are initially tethered at a distance, followed by Lig4-mediated formation of a “short-range synaptic complex” in which DNA ends are closely aligned for ligation7. Here, we show that a wide variety of end-processing activities all depend on formation of the short-range complex. Moreover, using real-time single molecule imaging, we find that end processing occurs within the short-range complex. Confining end processing to the Lig4-dependent short-range synaptic complex promotes immediate ligation of compatible ends and ensures that incompatible ends are ligated as soon as they become compatible, thereby minimizing end processing. Our results elucidate how NHEJ exploits end processing to achieve versatility while minimizing errors that cause genome instability.

scholarly journals Hypervariability of Ascidian Mitochondrial Gene Order: Exposing the Myth of Deuterostome Organelle Genome Stability

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmela Gissi ◽  
Graziano Pesole ◽  
Francesco Mastrototaro ◽  
Fabio Iannelli ◽  
Vanessa Guida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Order ◽  
Genome Stability ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Organelle Genome ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene Order

Recombination and the maintenance of plant organelle genome stability

2010 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Maréchal ◽  
Normand Brisson
Keyword(s):  
Genome Stability ◽  
Organelle Genome

Domain coarsening by grain boundary migration in ordered Ni4Mo

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 560-561
Author(s):  
K. Vasudevan ◽  
H. P. Kao ◽  
C. R. Brooks ◽  
E. E. Stansbury
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Boundary Migration ◽  
Grain Boundary Migration ◽  
Rapid Cooling ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Fee Structure ◽  
Domain Coarsening ◽  
Boundary Reaction

The Ni4Mo alloy has a short-range ordered fee structure (α) above 868°C, but transforms below this temperature to an ordered bet structure (β) by rearrangement of atoms on the fee lattice. The disordered α, retained by rapid cooling, can be ordered by appropriate aging below 868°C. Initially, very fine β domains in six different but crystallographically related variants form and grow in size on further aging. However, in the temperature range 600-775°C, a coarsening reaction begins at the former α grain boundaries and the alloy also coarsens by this mechanism. The purpose of this paper is to report on TEM observations showing the characteristics of this grain boundary reaction.

Ordering in Ni4Mo by TEM and APFIM

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 214-215
Author(s):  
E.A. Kenik ◽  
T.A. Zagula ◽  
M.K. Miller ◽  
J. Bentley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Irradiation ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Atom Probe ◽  
Range Order ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Probe Field ◽  
Disordered Phase ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

The state of long-range order (LRO) and short-range order (SRO) in Ni4Mo has been a topic of interest for a considerable time (see Brooks et al.). The SRO is often referred to as 1½0 order from the apparent position of the diffuse maxima in diffraction patterns, which differs from the positions of the LRO (D1a) structure. Various studies have shown that a fully disordered state cannot be retained by quenching, as the atomic arrangements responsible for the 1½0 maxima are present at temperatures above the critical ordering temperature for LRO. Over 20 studies have attempted to identify the atomic arrangements associated with this state of order. A variety of models have been proposed, but no consensus has been reached. It has also been shown that 1 MeV electron irradiation at low temperatures (∼100 K) can produce the disordered phase in Ni4Mo. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atom probe field ion microscopy (APFIM), and electron irradiation disordering have been applied in the current study to further the understanding of the ordering processes in Ni4Mo.

Early Education in Short-Range Historical Perspective

1969 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 437-438
Author(s):  
CELIA STENDLER LAVATELLI
Keyword(s):  
Short Range ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Early Education

Short-range order effects in amorphous FexSi1-x/Si multilayers induced by preparation conditions

1998 ◽  
Vol 08 (PR2) ◽  
pp. Pr2-175-Pr2-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Pérez ◽  
F. H. Salas ◽  
R. Morales ◽  
L. M. Álvarez-Prado ◽  
J. M. Alameda
Keyword(s):  
Short Range ◽  
Short Range Order ◽  
Range Order ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Preparation Conditions
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