Potential exposure assessment errors associated with body-worn RF dosimeters

Juan Blas; Francisco Angel Lago; Patricia Fernández; Rubén Mateo Lorenzo; Evaristo José Abril

doi:10.1002/bem.20355

Evaluation of Residue Levels of Imidacloprid and Thiamethoxam After Foliar Application to the Citrus Varieties Lane Late, Valencia Late, Rohde Summer, and Nules

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/toz231 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 112 (6) ◽

pp. 2676-2685

Author(s):

María Teresa Martínez-Ferrer ◽

José Miguel Campos-Rivela ◽

María Dolores Hernando-Guil ◽

Ana Isabel García-Valcárcel

Keyword(s):

Exposure Assessment ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Field Studies ◽

Flowering Period ◽

Potential Exposure ◽

Residue Levels ◽

Citrus Varieties ◽

Citrus Variety ◽

Citrus Trees

Abstract Neonicotinoids are used to protect citrus trees against pests. Dissipation and persistence of neonicotinoids in pollen and nectar of citrus trees after foliar applications and their potential exposure to pollinators have not been well characterized. Field studies were conducted using three orange and one mandarin varieties to compare the imidacloprid and thiamethoxam residue levels and their decline in pollen and nectar after treatments in pre-bloom close to flowering period and their persistence 1 yr after treatment. The possible risk to honeybees was assessed. In nectar, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid residues were between 61 and 99% lower than in pollen, depending on the citrus variety or/and the days after treatment when applied close to blooming. At the end of the flowering period, imidacloprid in pollen and nectar was not detected in the mandarin variety after treatment in pre-bloom, whereas for thiamethoxam, no residues were detected in nectar but 10 ng/g was detected in pollen. There were no quantifiable levels of residues for either neonicotinoids in pollen or nectar during the flowering period of the following year. Neonicotinoid residue levels and their decline in nectar and pollen in citrus depended on the timing of applications relative to flowering and on the citrus variety. The absence of neonicotinoid residues 1 yr out after foliar applications in all varieties assayed demonstrated that none of the neonicotinoids tested were persistent. The results could be different in other citrus varieties, and therefore, also the exposure assessment for managed pollinators.

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Measuring “Language Access Profiles” in Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children With the DHH Language Exposure Assessment Tool

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00439 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-25

Author(s):

Matthew L. Hall ◽

Stephanie De Anda

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Exposure Assessment ◽

Hard Of Hearing ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Communication Mode ◽

Developmental Potential ◽

Language Access ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Language Exposure ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Purpose The purposes of this study were (a) to introduce “language access profiles” as a viable alternative construct to “communication mode” for describing experience with language input during early childhood for deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children; (b) to describe the development of a new tool for measuring DHH children's language access profiles during infancy and toddlerhood; and (c) to evaluate the novelty, reliability, and validity of this tool. Method We adapted an existing retrospective parent report measure of early language experience (the Language Exposure Assessment Tool) to make it suitable for use with DHH populations. We administered the adapted instrument (DHH Language Exposure Assessment Tool [D-LEAT]) to the caregivers of 105 DHH children aged 12 years and younger. To measure convergent validity, we also administered another novel instrument: the Language Access Profile Tool. To measure test–retest reliability, half of the participants were interviewed again after 1 month. We identified groups of children with similar language access profiles by using hierarchical cluster analysis. Results The D-LEAT revealed DHH children's diverse experiences with access to language during infancy and toddlerhood. Cluster analysis groupings were markedly different from those derived from more traditional grouping rules (e.g., communication modes). Test–retest reliability was good, especially for the same-interviewer condition. Content, convergent, and face validity were strong. Conclusions To optimize DHH children's developmental potential, stakeholders who work at the individual and population levels would benefit from replacing communication mode with language access profiles. The D-LEAT is the first tool that aims to measure this novel construct. Despite limitations that future work aims to address, the present results demonstrate that the D-LEAT represents progress over the status quo.

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