Noncompartmental pharmacokinetics analysis of glucose-stimulated insulin response in African-American and Caucasian youths

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanyi Xie ◽  
R. P. Hoffman ◽  
Peter Veng-Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Noncompartmental Pharmacokinetics

Acute Insulin Response Following Exercise and Relationship to Lipid Changes in Sedentary African-American Women

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S19
Author(s):  
Kyle D. Biggerstaff ◽  
Scott J. Clark ◽  
Joshua S. Wooten ◽  
Sofiya Alhassan ◽  
Eric P. Plaisance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Acute Insulin Response ◽  
American Women

Acute Insulin Response Following Exercise and Relationship to Lipid Changes in Sedentary African-American Women

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S19
Author(s):  
Kyle D. Biggerstaff ◽  
Scott J. Clark ◽  
Joshua S. Wooten ◽  
Sofiya Alhassan ◽  
Eric P. Plaisance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Acute Insulin Response ◽  
American Women

scholarly journals Fat distribution and insulin response in prepubertal African American and white children

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 821-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
B A Gower ◽  
T R Nagy ◽  
C A Trowbridge ◽  
C Dezenberg ◽  
M I Goran
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
White Children

scholarly journals Ethnic Differences in Insulin Action in Obese African-American and Latino Adolescents

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 4048-4051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca E. Hasson ◽  
Tanja C. Adam ◽  
Jaimie N. Davis ◽  
Marc J. Weigensberg ◽  
Emily E. Ventura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
African American ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Latino Adolescents ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Effectiveness

Introduction: African-American children have a greater acute insulin response to iv glucose (AIR) compared with Latino children despite a similar degree of insulin resistance and body composition. It is unclear whether African-Americans demonstrate an exaggerated insulin response to an oral glucose challenge and whether any differences are seen in more obese children in advanced pubertal development. Purpose: Our objective was to compare glucose and insulin indices derived from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and iv glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) in sedentary, obese African-American (n = 59) and Latino (n = 83) adolescents. Methods: Glucose and insulin incremental area under the curve was measured during an OGTT, and AIR, insulin sensitivity, disposition index, and glucose effectiveness were assessed during an IVGTT. Body composition was assessed via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging. Results: From the OGTT, glucose and insulin IAUC were 29.1 and 22.5% lower (P = 0.01) in African-Americans compared with Latino adolescents. From the IVGTT, insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness were 41.7% (P < 0.01) and 50.0% (P = 0.02) lower in African-Americans compared to Latinos. AIR (P = 0.001) and disposition index (P = 0.02) were 63.0 and 48.8% higher in African-Americans, respectively, compared with Latinos. These findings persisted after controlling for body composition and fat distribution. Conclusions: There were marked differences in glucose and insulin indices derived from the OGTT and IVGTT. African-Americans were more insulin resistant as measured by the IVGTT compared with the Latino adolescents. However, the well-described hyperinsulinemia in response to iv glucose was not observed after oral glucose in African-American adolescents.

scholarly journals Sociocultural and Socioeconomic Influences on Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Overweight/Obese African-American and Latino-American Children and Adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca E. Hasson ◽  
Tanja C. Adam ◽  
Jay Pearson ◽  
Jaimie N. Davis ◽  
Donna Spruijt-Metz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
African American ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Latino American ◽  
American Children

Purpose. It is unclear whether sociocultural and socioeconomic factors are directly linked to type 2 diabetes risk in overweight/obese ethnic minority children and adolescents. This study examines the relationships between sociocultural orientation, household social position, and type 2 diabetes risk in overweight/obese African-American (n=43) and Latino-American (n=113) children and adolescents.Methods. Sociocultural orientation was assessed using the Acculturation, Habits, and Interests Multicultural Scale for Adolescents (AHIMSA) questionnaire. Household social position was calculated using the Hollingshead Two-Factor Index of Social Position. Insulin sensitivity (SI), acute insulin response (AIRG) and disposition index (DI) were derived from a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT). The relationships between AHIMSA subscales (i.e., integration, assimilation, separation, and marginalization), household social position and FSIGT parameters were assessed using multiple linear regression.Results.For African-Americans, integration (integrating their family’s culture with those of mainstream white-American culture) was positively associated with AIRG(β=0.27±0.09,r=0.48,P<0.01) and DI (β=0.28±0.09,r=0.55,P<0.01). For Latino-Americans, household social position was inversely associated with AIRG(β=-0.010±0.004,r=-0.19,P=0.02) and DI (β=-20.44±7.50,r=-0.27,P<0.01).Conclusions.Sociocultural orientation and household social position play distinct and opposing roles in shaping type 2 diabetes risk in African-American and Latino-American children and adolescents.

The Hearing Aid Effect in African American and Caucasian Males as Perceived by Female Judges of the Same Race

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Davis ◽  
Rhonda Jackson ◽  
Tina Smith ◽  
William Cooper
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Undergraduate Education ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Semantic Differential Scale ◽  
Education Majors ◽  
Female Undergraduate ◽  
Lay Persons ◽  
Males And Females

Prior studies have proven the existence of the "hearing aid effect" when photographs of Caucasian males and females wearing a body aid, a post-auricular aid (behind-the-ear), or no hearing aid were judged by lay persons and professionals. This study was performed to determine if African American and Caucasian males, judged by female members of their own race, were likely to be judged in a similar manner on the basis of appearance, personality, assertiveness, and achievement. Sixty female undergraduate education majors (30 African American; 30 Caucasian) used a semantic differential scale to rate slides of preteen African American and Caucasian males, with and without hearing aids. The results of this study showed that female African American and Caucasian judges rated males of their respective races differently. The hearing aid effect was predominant among the Caucasian judges across the dimensions of appearance, personality, assertiveness, and achievement. In contrast, the African American judges only exhibited a hearing aid effect on the appearance dimension.

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