scholarly journals Sociocultural and Socioeconomic Influences on Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Overweight/Obese African-American and Latino-American Children and Adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca E. Hasson ◽  
Tanja C. Adam ◽  
Jay Pearson ◽  
Jaimie N. Davis ◽  
Donna Spruijt-Metz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
African American ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Latino American ◽  
American Children

Purpose. It is unclear whether sociocultural and socioeconomic factors are directly linked to type 2 diabetes risk in overweight/obese ethnic minority children and adolescents. This study examines the relationships between sociocultural orientation, household social position, and type 2 diabetes risk in overweight/obese African-American (n=43) and Latino-American (n=113) children and adolescents.Methods. Sociocultural orientation was assessed using the Acculturation, Habits, and Interests Multicultural Scale for Adolescents (AHIMSA) questionnaire. Household social position was calculated using the Hollingshead Two-Factor Index of Social Position. Insulin sensitivity (SI), acute insulin response (AIRG) and disposition index (DI) were derived from a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT). The relationships between AHIMSA subscales (i.e., integration, assimilation, separation, and marginalization), household social position and FSIGT parameters were assessed using multiple linear regression.Results.For African-Americans, integration (integrating their family’s culture with those of mainstream white-American culture) was positively associated with AIRG(β=0.27±0.09,r=0.48,P<0.01) and DI (β=0.28±0.09,r=0.55,P<0.01). For Latino-Americans, household social position was inversely associated with AIRG(β=-0.010±0.004,r=-0.19,P=0.02) and DI (β=-20.44±7.50,r=-0.27,P<0.01).Conclusions.Sociocultural orientation and household social position play distinct and opposing roles in shaping type 2 diabetes risk in African-American and Latino-American children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Insulin Sensitivity in African-American Children with and without Family History of Type 2 Diabetes

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (4, Part 2 of 2) ◽  
pp. 87A-87A
Author(s):  
Kapriel Danadian ◽  
Govindasamy Balasekaran ◽  
Vered Lewy ◽  
Manuel P Meza ◽  
Robert Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
African American ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Family History ◽  
African American Children ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Children

scholarly journals Insulinemic and Inflammatory Dietary Patterns Show Enhanced Predictive Potential for Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Postmenopausal Women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Jin ◽  
Ni Shi ◽  
Desmond Aroke ◽  
Dong Hoon Lee ◽  
Joshua J. Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Dietary Index

<b>Objective:</b> The empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia(EDIH) and empirical dietary inflammatory pattern(EDIP) scores assess the insulinemic and inflammatory potentials of habitual dietary patterns, irrespective of the macronutrient content, and are based on plasma insulin response or inflammatory biomarkers, respectively. The glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) assess postprandial glycemic potential based on dietary carbohydrate content. We tested the hypothesis that dietary patterns promoting hyperinsulinemia, chronic inflammation, or hyperglycemia may influence type 2 diabetes risk. <p><b>Research Design and Methods</b><b>:</b> We calculated dietary scores from baseline (1993-1998) food frequency questionnaires among 73,495 postmenopausal women in the Women’s Health Initiative, followed through March 2019. We used multivariable-adjusted Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for type 2 diabetes risk. We also estimated multivariable-adjusted absolute risk of type 2 diabetes. </p> <p><b>Results:</b> During a median 13.3 years of follow-up, 11,009 incident type 2 diabetes cases were diagnosed. Participants consuming the most hyperinsulinemic or proinflammatory dietary patterns experienced greater risk of type 2 diabetes: HRs(95%CI) comparing highest to lowest dietary index quintiles were: EDIH: 1.49 (1.32-1.68),P<sub>trend</sub><.0001; EDIP: 1.45 (1.29-1.63),P<sub>trend</sub><.0001). The absolute excess incidence for the same comparison was +220 (EDIH) and +271 (EDIP) cases per 100,000 person-years. GI and GL were not associated with type 2 diabetes risk: GI: 0.99 (0.88-1.12),P<sub>trend</sub>=0.46; GL: 1.01 (0.89, 1.16),P<sub>trend</sub>=0.30. </p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> <a>Our findings in this diverse cohort of postmenopausal women, suggest that lowering the insulinemic and inflammatory potentials of the diet may be more effective in preventing type 2 diabetes than focusing on glycemic foods.</a> </p>

Pouring on the Pounds: The Persistent Problem of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake Among Children and Adolescents

2020 ◽  
pp. 1942602X2095390
Author(s):  
Christen Cupples Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
American Children

Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are a major source of calories in the diets of American children and adolescents. These beverages, which contain mainly sugar and few beneficial nutrients, have been linked to overweight, obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, dental caries, and other adverse conditions. Children of all ages consume SSBs, and schools, aided by the knowledge and direction of school nurses, can help students understand the health harms of SSBs, implement programs to discourage SSB intake, and play important roles in school and community efforts to limit SSBs.

scholarly journals Improvement in insulin sensitivity following intensive insulin therapy and association of glucagon with long-term diabetes remission

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1543-1550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Yan-yan Chen ◽  
Zhao-jun Yang ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Guang-wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Intensive Insulin Therapy ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Intravenous Glucose

Objective To investigate the role of the acute glucagon response in the long-term remission of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus following short-term intensive insulin therapy (IIT). Methods Ten patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus received IIT. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests and the clamp technique were performed pre- and post-IIT. Remission was defined as maintenance of target glycaemic control without anti-diabetic agents for 1 year. Results The remission rate was 50% (5/10). There were no differences in the acute insulin response or glucose infusion rate between groups. The acute glucagon response (AGR) in the remission group pre-IIT was significantly higher than that in the non-remission group (mean 163.02 pg/mL/min vs. mean 16.29 pg/mL/min). The mean AGR post-IIT was lower in the remission group than that in the non-remission group (0 pg/mL/min vs. 19.91 pg/mL/min). Spearman analysis indicated that the AGR pre-IIT and the change in the AGR were correlated with remission (r = 0.731). Conclusion The insulin-mediated glucose disposal rate was significantly improved with the normalization of blood glucose levels following transient IIT. Subjects with a higher AGR pre-IIT and a greater AGR decrease post-IIT displayed a greater likelihood of long-term remission.

Abstract P063: Afro Caribbeans With Type 2 Diabetes Have Lower Body Mass Index And Lower Waist Circumference Than African Americans: New York City Health And Nutrition Examination Survey 2013/14

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Farag ◽  
Faustine Williams ◽  
Margrethe F Horlyck-Romanovsky
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
York City ◽  
Diabetes Risk

African descent populations are experiencing a disproportionate burden of type 2 diabetes. In New York City, almost one third of the Black population are foreign-born Afro-Caribbeans and two thirds are African American. We compared type 2 diabetes risk profiles and disease burden among foreign-born Afro-Caribbean and US-born African American New Yorkers by estimating: a) Prevalence of type 2 diabetes; b) Type 2 diabetes risk profile by ethnicity and c) Odds of type 2 diabetes. Using the 2013/14 New York City Health and Nutrition Examination Survey probability sample weighted to the New York City population, we analyzed data for Afro-Caribbean (n=81) and African American (n=118) participants. Type 2 diabetes was defined as prior diagnosis; or HbA1c≥6.5%; or fasting glucose ≥126mg/dL. Logistic regression estimated odds of type 2 diabetes by BMI category, waist circumference (cm), and physical activity; adjusting for age, sex, education, income, and marital status. Among Afro-Caribbeans (Age (Mean ±SE) 49±2years, BMI 29.2 ±0.7kg/m 2 ) and African Americans (Age 46±2years, BMI 30.3 ±0.9kg/m 2 ) type 2 diabetes prevalence was 31% (25 of 81) and 21% (25 of 118) respectively. Compared to African Americans with type 2 diabetes, Afro-Caribbeans with type 2 diabetes had lower mean BMI (29.9 ±0.8kg/m 2 vs. 34.6 ±1.78kg/m 2 , P =0.01), and lower waist circumference (102 ±2cm vs. 114 ±3cm, P =0.0015). Afro-Caribbeans with type 2 diabetes were more likely to be overweight (57.2% vs. 13.5%) rather than obese (33.2% vs. 74.7%), yet less likely to meet HP2010 physical activity goals (23.6% vs 35.3%). Overall type 2 diabetes odds were no different between groups. In the total population odds were 5% higher for each cm waist circumference [aOR=1.05 (95% CI 1.01-1.10), P =0.0194]. Compared to the youngest age group, ages 20-49y, type 2 diabetes odds were higher among ages 50-59y [aOR=7.12 (95% CI 2.29-22.14)], and ages 60+ [aOR=5.04 (95% CI 1.65-15.39), P =0.0482]. In stratified logistic regression analyses among Afro-Caribbean New Yorkers, odds were 18% greater per cm waist circumference [aOR=1.18 (95% CI 1.03-1.35), P =0.0194]. For Afro-Caribbeans, low physical activity was associated with seven times greater odds of type 2 diabetes [aOR=7.03 (95% CI 1.19-41.53), P =0.0314]. Compared to African Americans, Afro-Caribbeans with type 2 diabetes are more likely to have lower waist circumference and be overweight rather than obese despite reporting less physical activity. Further examination of the relationship between BMI, waist circumference and visceral vs. subcutaneous adipose tissue may elucidate important intraethnic differences in diabetes risk. To enhance detection of diabetes among Afro-Caribbeans and African Americans in New York City, screening criteria should consider unique diabetes phenotypes.

scholarly journals Taking Action Together: A YMCA-based protocol to prevent Type-2 Diabetes in high-BMI inner-city African American children

Trials ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorrene D Ritchie ◽  
Sushma Sharma ◽  
Joanne P Ikeda ◽  
Rita A Mitchell ◽  
Aarthi Raman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
African American ◽  
Inner City ◽  
African American Children ◽  
American Children ◽  
Taking Action ◽  
High Bmi

scholarly journals Insulinemic and Inflammatory Dietary Patterns Show Enhanced Predictive Potential for Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Postmenopausal Women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Jin ◽  
Ni Shi ◽  
Desmond Aroke ◽  
Dong Hoon Lee ◽  
Joshua J. Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Dietary Index

<b>Objective:</b> The empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia(EDIH) and empirical dietary inflammatory pattern(EDIP) scores assess the insulinemic and inflammatory potentials of habitual dietary patterns, irrespective of the macronutrient content, and are based on plasma insulin response or inflammatory biomarkers, respectively. The glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) assess postprandial glycemic potential based on dietary carbohydrate content. We tested the hypothesis that dietary patterns promoting hyperinsulinemia, chronic inflammation, or hyperglycemia may influence type 2 diabetes risk. <p><b>Research Design and Methods</b><b>:</b> We calculated dietary scores from baseline (1993-1998) food frequency questionnaires among 73,495 postmenopausal women in the Women’s Health Initiative, followed through March 2019. We used multivariable-adjusted Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for type 2 diabetes risk. We also estimated multivariable-adjusted absolute risk of type 2 diabetes. </p> <p><b>Results:</b> During a median 13.3 years of follow-up, 11,009 incident type 2 diabetes cases were diagnosed. Participants consuming the most hyperinsulinemic or proinflammatory dietary patterns experienced greater risk of type 2 diabetes: HRs(95%CI) comparing highest to lowest dietary index quintiles were: EDIH: 1.49 (1.32-1.68),P<sub>trend</sub><.0001; EDIP: 1.45 (1.29-1.63),P<sub>trend</sub><.0001). The absolute excess incidence for the same comparison was +220 (EDIH) and +271 (EDIP) cases per 100,000 person-years. GI and GL were not associated with type 2 diabetes risk: GI: 0.99 (0.88-1.12),P<sub>trend</sub>=0.46; GL: 1.01 (0.89, 1.16),P<sub>trend</sub>=0.30. </p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> <a>Our findings in this diverse cohort of postmenopausal women, suggest that lowering the insulinemic and inflammatory potentials of the diet may be more effective in preventing type 2 diabetes than focusing on glycemic foods.</a> </p>

Knowledge About Type 2 Diabetes Risk and Prevention of African-American and Hispanic Adults and Adolescents With Family History of Type 2 Diabetes

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 836-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Weber Cullen ◽  
Bonnie B. Buzek
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
At Risk ◽  
African American ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Family History ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Hispanic Families ◽  
Tenth Grade ◽  
History Of

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess type 2 diabetes knowledge, perceptions, risk factor awareness, and prevention practices among African American and Hispanic families with a history of diabetes. Methods Ninth and tenth grade Houston area students who had a parent who spoke English or Spanish and had a family history of type 2 diabetes were recruited. Student interviews took place during lunch. Parents were interviewed via telephone. Open-ended questions in the interview guide assessed knowledge of diabetes and risk factors, diabetes prevention practices, and perceived risk. Students reported dietary behaviors. Responses were recorded. Results Interviews were conducted with 39 parents (95% female, 49% African-American, 51% Hispanic) and 21 ninth and tenth grade adolescents (71% female, 43% African-American, 57% Hispanic). The majority were overweight. Approximately one-half of both groups reported some knowledge of diabetes. The majority (74%) of parents correctly identified family history as a risk factor, but few adolescents responded correctly. Being overweight was identified as a risk factor by 26% of the parents and 10% of the adolescents. Losing weight was not acknowledged as a way to reduce diabetes risk. Sweetened beverage consumption consisted of 2 cans/day and 43% reported to have skipped breakfast. Conclusions Overall, there was a lack of knowledge about risk and prevention of type 2 diabetes among African American and Hispanic families at risk. From a public health perspective, there is a critical need for innovative prevention programs targeting families at risk for diabetes.

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