A 30‐year review of copper pitting corrosion and pinhole leaks: Achievements and research gaps

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gibson ◽  
Bryan Karney
Keyword(s):  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Research Gaps

Analysis of field uniformity and quantitative evaluation of subsurface pitting corrosion in conductors via GPEC

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Shuting Ren ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Bei Yan ◽  
Jinhua Hu ◽  
Ilham Mukriz Zainal Abidin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Eddy Current ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Gradient Field ◽  
Uniform Field ◽  
Eddy Current Method ◽  
Optimal Position ◽  
Pulsed Eddy Current ◽  
Field Uniformity ◽  
Processing Algorithms

Structures of nonmagnetic materials are broadly used in engineering fields such as aerospace, energy, etc. Due to corrosive and hostile environments, they are vulnerable to the Subsurface Pitting Corrosion (SPC) leading to structural failure. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct periodical inspection and comprehensive evaluation of SPC using reliable nondestructive evaluation techniques. Extended from the conventional Pulsed eddy current method (PEC), Gradient-field Pulsed Eddy Current technique (GPEC) has been proposed and found to be advantageous over PEC in terms of enhanced inspection sensitivity and accuracy in evaluation and imaging of subsurface defects in nonmagnetic conductors. In this paper two GPEC probes for uniform field excitation are intensively analyzed and compared. Their capabilities in SPC evaluation and imaging are explored through simulations and experiments. The optimal position for deployment of the magnetic field sensor is determined by scrutinizing the field uniformity and inspection sensitivity to SPC based on finite element simulations. After the optimal probe structure is chosen, quantitative evaluation and imaging of SPC are investigated. Signal/image processing algorithms for SPC evaluation are proposed. Through simulations and experiments, it has been found that the T-shaped probe together with the proposed processing algorithms is advantageous and preferable for profile recognition and depth evaluation of SPC.

The Challenge of Evaluating Virtual Communities of Practice: A Systematic Mapping Study

10.28945/4505 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 039-064
Author(s):  
Rogerio Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Itana Maria de Souza Gimenes ◽  
José Carlos Maldonado
Keyword(s):  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Systematic Mapping Study ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Systematic Mapping ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Virtual Communities Of Practice ◽  
Selection Of

Aim/Purpose: This paper presents a study of Virtual Communities of Practice (VCoP) evaluation methods that aims to identify their current status and impact on knowledge sharing. The purposes of the study are as follows: (i) to identify trends and research gaps in VCoP evaluation methods; and, (ii) to assist researchers to position new research activities in this domain. Background: VCoP have become a popular knowledge sharing mechanism for both individuals and organizations. Their evaluation process is complex; however, it is recognized as an essential means to provide evidences of community effectiveness. Moreover, VCoP have introduced additional features to face to face Communities of Practice (CoP) that need to be taken into account in evaluation processes, such as geographical dispersion. The fact that VCoP rely on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to execute their practices as well as storing artifacts virtually makes more consistent data analysis possible; thus, the evaluation process can apply automatic data gathering and analysis. Methodology: A systematic mapping study, based on five research questions, was carried out in order to analyze existing studies about VCoP evaluation methods and frameworks. The mapping included searching five research databases resulting in the selection of 1,417 papers over which a formal analysis process was applied. This process led to the preliminary selection of 39 primary studies for complete reading. After reading them, we select 28 relevant primary studies from which data was extracted and synthesized to answer the proposed research questions. Contribution: The authors of the primary studies analyzed along this systematic mapping propose a set of methods and strategies for evaluating VCoP, such as frameworks, processes and maturity models. Our main contribution is the identification of some research gaps present in the body of studies, in order to stimulate projects that can improve VCoP evaluation methods and support its important role in social learning. Findings: The systematic mapping led to the conclusion that most of the approaches for VCoP evaluation do not consider the combination of data structured and unstructured metrics. In addition, there is a lack of guidelines to support community operators’ actions based on evaluation metrics.

INCONEL ALLOY 22

Alloy Digest ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Inconel Alloy ◽  
Resistant Alloy ◽  
Alloy 22 ◽  
Corrosion Resistant Alloy

Abstract Inconel alloy 22 is an advanced corrosion-resistant alloy with exceptional resistance to aqueous and pitting corrosion. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as joining. Filing Code: Ni-624. Producer or source: Special Metals Corporation.

NIROSTA 4429

Alloy Digest ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Intergranular Corrosion ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Pitting Corrosion Resistance

Abstract Nirosta 4429 is a low-carbon, high-nitrogen version of type 316 stainless steel. The low carbon imparts intergranular corrosion resistance while the nitrogen imparts both higher strength and some increased pitting corrosion resistance. It is recommended for use as welded parts that need not or cannot be annealed after welding. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SS-787. Producer or source: ThyssenKrupp Nirosta.

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