Anatomy education in a changing medical curriculum in India: Medical student feedback on duration and emphasis of gross anatomy teaching

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Jonathan Holla ◽  
Kalpana Ramachandran ◽  
Bina Isaac ◽  
Shajan Koshy
Keyword(s):  
Medical Student ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Gross Anatomy ◽  
Student Feedback ◽  
Anatomy Education ◽  
Anatomy Teaching

scholarly journals Teaching Anatomy in the XXI Century: New Aspects and Pitfalls

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Papa ◽  
Mauro Vaccarezza
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Gross Anatomy ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Anatomy Education ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Racial Background ◽  
Teaching Anatomy ◽  
Clinical Problems ◽  
Anatomy Teaching

Anatomy has historically been a cornerstone in medical education regardless of nation, racial background, or medical school system. By learning gross anatomy, medical students get a first “impression” about the structure of the human body which is the basis for understanding pathologic and clinical problems. Although the importance of teaching anatomy to both undergraduate and postgraduate students remains undisputed, there is currently a relevant debate concerning methods of anatomy teaching. In the past century, dissection and lectures were its sole pedagogy worldwide. Recently, the time allocated for anatomy teaching was dramatically reduced to such an extent that some suggest that it has fallen below an adequate standard. Traditional anatomy education based on topographical structural anatomy taught in lectures and gross dissection classes has been replaced by a multiple range of study modules, including problem-based learning, plastic models or computer-assisted learning, and curricula integration. “Does the anatomical theatre still have a place in medical education?” And “what is the problem with anatomic specimens?” We endeavor to answer both of these questions and to contribute to the debate on the current situation in undergraduate and graduate anatomy education.

scholarly journals Confronting the Challenges of Anatomy Education in a Competency-Based Medical Curriculum During Normal and Unprecedented Times (COVID-19 Pandemic): Pedagogical Framework Development and Implementation (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nerissa Naidoo ◽  
Aya Akhras ◽  
Yajnavalka Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Gross Anatomy ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Anatomy Education ◽  
Learning Principles ◽  
Small Team ◽  
Pedagogical Framework

BACKGROUND Anatomy is considered to be one of the keystones of undergraduate medical education. However, recently, there has been drastic reduction, both in gross anatomy teaching hours and its context. Additionally, a decrease in the number of trained anatomists and an increase in the costs associated with procuring human cadavers have been noted, causing a diminution of cadaveric dissections in anatomy education. OBJECTIVE To address these challenges, there is an ardent need for a pedagogical framework such that anatomy education can be disseminated through active learning principles, within a fixed time frame, using a small team of anatomists and a small number of cadaveric specimens (for live on-site sessions) as well as collaborative learning principles. The latter is particularly important when anatomy education is delivered through distance learning, as is the case currently during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Here, we have blueprinted a pedagogical framework blending the instructional design models of Gagne’s 9 events of instruction with Peyton’s 4-step approach. The framework’s applicability was validated through the delivery of anatomical concepts, using an exemplar from the structure-function course Head and Neck during the normal and COVID-19–mandated lockdown periods, employing the archetype of Frey syndrome. Preliminary evaluation of the framework was pursued using student feedback and end-of-course feedback responses. The efficiency of the framework in knowledge transfer was also appraised. RESULTS The blueprinted instructional plan designed to implement the pedagogical framework was successfully executed in the dissemination of anatomy education, employing a limited number of cadaveric specimens (during normal times) and a social media application (SMA)–integrated “interactome” strategy (during the COVID-19 lockdown). Students’ response to the framework was positive. However, reluctance was expressed by a majority of the faculty in adopting the framework for anatomy education. To address this aspect, a strategy has been designed using Mento’s 12-step change management model. The long-term benefits for any medical school to adopt the blended pedagogical framework have also been explicated by applying Bourdieu’s Theory of Practice. Additionally, through the design of an SMA interactome model, the framework’s applicability to the delivery of anatomy education and content during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic was realized. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the study effectively tackles some of the contemporary key challenges associated with the delivery of anatomy content in medical education during normal and unprecedented times.

scholarly journals Confronting the Challenges of Anatomy Education in a Competency-Based Medical Curriculum During Normal and Unprecedented Times (COVID-19 Pandemic): Pedagogical Framework Development and Implementation

10.2196/21701 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e21701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nerissa Naidoo ◽  
Aya Akhras ◽  
Yajnavalka Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Gross Anatomy ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Anatomy Education ◽  
Learning Principles ◽  
Small Team ◽  
Pedagogical Framework

Background Anatomy is considered to be one of the keystones of undergraduate medical education. However, recently, there has been drastic reduction, both in gross anatomy teaching hours and its context. Additionally, a decrease in the number of trained anatomists and an increase in the costs associated with procuring human cadavers have been noted, causing a diminution of cadaveric dissections in anatomy education. Objective To address these challenges, there is an ardent need for a pedagogical framework such that anatomy education can be disseminated through active learning principles, within a fixed time frame, using a small team of anatomists and a small number of cadaveric specimens (for live on-site sessions) as well as collaborative learning principles. The latter is particularly important when anatomy education is delivered through distance learning, as is the case currently during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Here, we have blueprinted a pedagogical framework blending the instructional design models of Gagne’s 9 events of instruction with Peyton’s 4-step approach. The framework’s applicability was validated through the delivery of anatomical concepts, using an exemplar from the structure-function course Head and Neck during the normal and COVID-19–mandated lockdown periods, employing the archetype of Frey syndrome. Preliminary evaluation of the framework was pursued using student feedback and end-of-course feedback responses. The efficiency of the framework in knowledge transfer was also appraised. Results The blueprinted instructional plan designed to implement the pedagogical framework was successfully executed in the dissemination of anatomy education, employing a limited number of cadaveric specimens (during normal times) and a social media application (SMA)–integrated “interactome” strategy (during the COVID-19 lockdown). Students’ response to the framework was positive. However, reluctance was expressed by a majority of the faculty in adopting the framework for anatomy education. To address this aspect, a strategy has been designed using Mento’s 12-step change management model. The long-term benefits for any medical school to adopt the blended pedagogical framework have also been explicated by applying Bourdieu’s Theory of Practice. Additionally, through the design of an SMA interactome model, the framework’s applicability to the delivery of anatomy education and content during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic was realized. Conclusions In conclusion, the study effectively tackles some of the contemporary key challenges associated with the delivery of anatomy content in medical education during normal and unprecedented times.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of a Foundation Year 1 Doctor Preparation Course for Final Year Medical Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 238212052098418
Author(s):  
William Beedham ◽  
Kasun Wanigasooriya ◽  
Georgia R Layton ◽  
Ley Taing Chan ◽  
Adnan Darr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Student ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Core Curriculum ◽  
Junior Doctor ◽  
Hidden Curriculum ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Curriculum Topics

Background: Starting work as a junior doctor can be daunting for any medical student. There are numerous aspects of the hidden curriculum which many students fail to acquire during their training. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of a novel foundation year one (FY1) doctor preparation course focusing on certain core topics, practical tips and components of the hidden curriculum. The primary objective was to improve the confidence level and knowledge of final year medical students transitioning to FY1 doctors. Method: A 2-day, practical course titled ‘Preparation 2 Practice’ delivering hands-on, small-group and lecture-based teaching, covering core medical student undergraduate curriculum topics in medicine and surgery. The course content spanned therapeutics, documentation skills and managing acute clinical tasks encountered by FY1 doctors during an on-call shift. A pre- and post-course survey and knowledge assessment were carried out to assess the effectiveness of the course. The assessment was MCQ-based, derived from topics covered within our course. The 20-question test and a short survey were administered electronically. Results: Twenty students from a single UK medical school attended the course. 100% participation was observed in the pre- and post-course test and survey. The median post-course test result was 22 (IQR 20.25-23.75) which was higher than the median pre-course test score of 18.75 (IQR 17-21.75). A Wilcoxon sign rank test revealed a statistically significant difference between the pre- and post-course test results ( P = .0003). The self-reported confidence score of delegates on starting work as a junior doctor was also significantly higher following the course ( P = .004). Conclusion: The results show a significant improvement in perceived confidence and knowledge on core curriculum topics amongst final year medical students having attended our FY1 doctor preparation course. We conclude that there is scope for similar supplementary courses as an adjunct to the undergraduate medical curriculum.

scholarly journals Remember to breathe: teaching respiratory physiology in a clinical context using simulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen L. Bintley ◽  
Alexander Bell ◽  
Rachel Ashworth
Keyword(s):  
Medical Student ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
Biomedical Science ◽  
Simulated Patients ◽  
Teaching Methodology ◽  
Clinical Context

Evidence shows that biomedical knowledge is more effectively taught within the medical curriculum by teaching in context, to facilitate learning transfer. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of combining high-technology simulation and physiology teaching on medical student learning and experience. First-year medical students received respiratory physiology teaching in the form of lectures, problem-based learning, and practical sessions. These students were then given the opportunity to apply their knowledge and problem solve using respiratory-related clinical case scenarios in simulated patients. Student understanding was assessed using a short quiz performed immediately before and after the session. Results revealed that the session significantly improved the mean score on tests (6.97 ± 0.29 vs. 8.22 ± 0.19, P < 0.001). Student evaluation was collected in focus groups, and recurring concepts were extracted from the data. Students reported that the sessions helped to bridge the gap between theory and practice, which aided their learning. In addition, this teaching methodology (simulation) was reportedly patient centered and added to the realism of the simulated scenario, with students stating that this teaching improved their confidence with managing real patients and clinical uncertainty. Simulation has been used extensively to teach clinical skills; however, research regarding its potential for teaching biomedical science within a clinical context is limited. Our study shows that combining high-technology simulation and physiology teaching contributed to an immediate improvement in medical student knowledge and enhanced their ability to make connections between theoretical knowledge and the world of practice.

scholarly journals Scope of Anatomy Teaching in Problem-based Learning (PBL) Sessions of Integrated Medical Curriculum

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 899-901
Author(s):  
Bhagath Kumar Potu ◽  
Wuna Hla Shwe ◽  
Saravanan Jagadeesan ◽  
Thidar Aung ◽  
Peh Suat Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Anatomy Teaching

scholarly journals As Artes na Educação Médica: Revisão Sistemática da Literatura

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
Lúcia Trindade da Silva Mairot ◽  
Beatriz Biasi Gin da Costa ◽  
Thaís Pedrosa Moraes Heringer ◽  
Raquel Camargos Borges ◽  
Eliane Perlatto Moura
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Student ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
De Medicina

RESUMO Introdução A introdução das artes no currículo médico tem despertado interesse crescente, uma vez que estas apresentam qualidades únicas que podem auxiliar no desenvolvimento dos aspectos sociais da prática médica, oferecendo maneiras novas e distintas de exploração do conhecimento e da identidade profissional. Objetivo Avaliar a eficácia da utilização das artes no currículo médico por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica. Metodologia As bases de dados Lilacs, SciELO, PubMed e Eric foram pesquisadas para artigos publicados sobre estudos que tentaram avaliar a eficácia de uma abordagem baseada em artes na educação médica de graduação. Outros artigos foram identificados por meio de busca ativa. Foram utilizados os seguintes descritores (art or visual arts or paintings or literature or narrative or poetry or theatre or movies or films or cinema) AND (medical education or medical student or medical curriculum). Foram incluídos somente os artigos cujo estudo foi realizado com estudantes de Medicina e cuja eficácia da intervenção foi avaliada por comparação entre grupos (estudos quantitativos) ou pela satisfação do estudante de Medicina por questionário (estudos qualitativos). Os artigos selecionados foram lidos na íntegra por dois pesquisadores, de modo a identificar o tipo de arte utilizada na intervenção, o autor, a amostra, a metodologia e a conclusão sobre a atividade relatada. Resultados Foram incluídos 28 artigos no estudo, distribuídos de acordo com o tipo de arte utilizada: (n = 16) artes visuais; (n = 6) literatura; (n = 3) teatro; (n = 3) cinema. As competências educacionais sensíveis às artes relatadas nos estudos avaliados foram: habilidades de observação diagnóstica, trabalho em equipe, reflexão e argumentação; facilitar o aprendizado cognitivo; aspectos humanísticos da medicina (empatia/relação médico-paciente); profissionalismo. Alguns estudos afirmam que as intervenções baseadas em artes são eficazes na alteração de atitudes, entretanto não definiram como esse sucesso foi medido. Nenhum estudo considera os efeitos sobre o comportamento. As evidências para o uso de intervenções baseadas em artes para promover habilidades de observação diagnóstica mostraram ser mais fortes. No entanto, seu efeito em outras habilidades clínicas não foi estudado. Conclusão A arte pode ser uma estratégia facilitadora do aprendizado, uma vez que auxilia o estudante a lidar com a complexidade do ser humano e da saúde humana. Este conhecimento mais amplo sobre a saúde e a doença pode levar à melhoria da relação médico-paciente na prática clínica. Entretanto, devido à natureza qualitativa da maioria dos estudos, baseados principalmente na opinião do estudante sobre as modificações ocorridas em suas atitudes, a eficácia das intervenções nem sempre foi efetivamente demonstrada.

scholarly journals Teaching cadaveric laparoscopic anatomy in medical curriculum – An essential learning option

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-334
Author(s):  
Kaushik Bhattacharya ◽  
Neela Bhattacharya ◽  
Aditya Shikar Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Gross Anatomy ◽  
Tactile Sensation ◽  
Clinical Anatomy ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Team Working ◽  
Major Disadvantage ◽  
Teaching Anatomy

Teaching anatomy to the medical students is shifting from learning the traditional gross anatomy with didactic lectures to learning anatomy by laparoscopic dissection on the cadavers. The open dissection hall teaching is loosing relevance to learning clinical anatomy with laparoscopic dissection live by the medical students. Laparoscopic demonstrations can generate interest in surgery in the students that would otherwise not be possible in the preclinical years. Additional advantages of laparoscopic anatomy learning are improved three-dimensional orientation, increased dexterity and development of team working skills among students. The magnified laparoscopic views and the ability to deeply explore anatomical features to demonstrate the basic anatomy better with full clarity does makes an impression on the young medical students. The major disadvantage is student may feel the lack of pleasure of tactile sensation, of touching the anatomical organs during laparoscopic demonstration.

scholarly journals Not Just a Medical Student: Delivering Medical Education Through a Short Video Series on Social Media (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Abbas ◽  
Utkarsh Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Student ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Junior Doctors ◽  
Leadership Academy ◽  
Healthcare Leadership ◽  
Short Video ◽  
Education Award

UNSTRUCTURED “Not Just a Medical Student” is an innovative bite-size medical education video series founded and hosted on social media. Its primary aim is to inspire tomorrow’s doctors to be creative while engaging and informing them with the latest innovations, technology, and conferences within various specialties. To our knowledge, these themes are scarcely covered in the structured medical curriculum. Created and launched in August 2017, “Not Just a Medical Student” quickly gained traction; with over 1000 followers on Facebook and a rapidly increasing number of views, it reached the medical community across the globe. The video series features a trailblazer in virtual reality surgery and its potential impact on the evolution of medical education, reviewing future medical technology apps, such as Touch Surgery, and reporting on the latest medical education and health apps. The series engaged in topical medico-politics at the British Medical Association House and reported on global health issues and innovations at the Royal Society of Medicine Conference. The video series has further received several national awards including the Association and Study of Medical Education (ASME) Educator Innovator 2017 award, runner up to the Zeshan Qureshi Outstanding Contribution to Medical Education Award, and the Alternative Docs National Social Media Influencer award. The concept has been presented at international conferences (eg, the Healthcare Leadership Academy conference) and gained international recognition upon personal invitation at the Norwegian Annual Junior Doctors Conference. With the rise of the social media generation, innovative methods to inspire, engage, and inform students contributing to the continuous evolution of medical education should be encouraged and further explored.

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