On the latency and nature of phenoloxidase present in the left colleterial gland of the cockroachPeriplaneta americana

1990 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manickam Sugumaran ◽  
Kaliappan Nellaiappan
Keyword(s):  
Colleterial Gland

The anatomy, histology, and physiology of the reproductive systems of Lytta nuttalli Say (Coleoptera: Meloidae). I. The internal genitalia

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Gerber ◽  
N. S. Church ◽  
J. G. Rempel
Keyword(s):  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Ejaculatory Duct ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Bursa Copulatrix ◽  
Reproductive Systems ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Internal Genitalia ◽  
Spermathecal Gland ◽  
Colleterial Gland

The anatomy and histology of the male and female internal genitalia of Lytta nuttalli Say and the functions of the various organs during copulation and oviposition are described. In addition to the ovaries, lateral and common oviducts, and vagina, the female system includes a spermatophoral receptacle, accessory gland, and spermatheca. The most distinctive feature is the voluminous spermatophoral receptacle, which seems to be homologous with the bursa copulatrix of other Coleoptera, but serves to store and digest old spermatophores. The accessory gland is not a colleterial gland, but instead produces materials that probably are involved in the transfer of the spermatozoa into the spermatheca. The epithelia of the calyces and oviducts secrete the frothy, mucilaginous material that coats the eggs at oviposition. In the absence of a separate spermathecal gland, the epithelium of the spermatheca apparently has taken over its functions. The ovaries contain several hundred ovarioles of the telotrophic type. The chief structures of the male system are three pairs of accessory glands plus the testes, vasa deferentia, and ejaculatory duct. Each vas deferens consists of an enlarged portion that serves as an additional accessory gland and a narrow part, which is the seminal vesicle. Materials produced in the three pairs of accessory glands and the glandular portions of the vasa deferentia are used in spermatophore formation. The testes contain several hundred short sperm tubes similar to those of other insects. The arrangement, form, and functions of the internal reproductive organs of L. nuttalli are compared with those of other insects. Observations made on the reproductive systems of four species of Epicauta are also discussed in this context.

The Hormonal Control of Colleterial Gland Secretion

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-378
Author(s):  
J. H. WILLIS ◽  
P. C. J. BRUNET
Keyword(s):  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Gland Secretion ◽  
Quantitative Assay ◽  
Chromogenic Substrate ◽  
Spectrophotometric Measurement ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Colleterial Gland

1. Methods for the quantitative assay of the activities of the left and right colleterial glands of adult cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) are reported. The former involves the spectrophotometric measurement of the content of protocatechuic acid glucoside of the gland; the latter the measurement of glucosidase activity by orthodox use of a chromogenic substrate. 2. Glucoside and glucosidase have been studied in terms of accumulation and turnover. 3. The accumulation of the glucoside requires the presence of active corpora allata, but glucosidase synthesis is seemingly independent of this.

The Formation of the Ootheca by Periplaneta americana II. The Structure and Function of the Left Colleterial Gland

1952 ◽  
Vol s3-93 (21) ◽  
pp. 47-69
Author(s):  
P.C. J. BRUNET
Keyword(s):  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Function ◽  
Immature Cells ◽  
Protein Secreting ◽  
Colleterial Gland

The anatomy of the left colleterial gland of the cockroach is described. It is convenient to subdivide the gland into four regions. At the posterior end, abutting on to the outlet of the gland, there is no secretory activity and the cells of this region are not unlike normal epidermal cells. Anterior to this region are the three secretory regions of the gland; of these, the anterior and posterior secrete the structural protein and the constituent cells are equipped with a complex end-apparatus, a thick-walled depression in the apex of the cell in which the final stages of the elaboration of the secretion occur. The body of the end-apparatus contains canalicules which lead to the lumen of the gland. Alkaline phosphatase is abundantly present in this organ. Protein is secreted continuously, and there is no cycle related to oviposition. The third region, between the protein-secreting regions, secretes an oxidase, whose function may well be to oxidize the phenolic tannin-precursor produced in the right colleterial gland when the products of the two glands come together at oviposition. The gland becomes fully functional some 14 days after the final moult, the immature cells of the nymph developing directly into mature cells characteristic of the region in which they occur. Within each of the main regions the cells show some differences which suggest that there is a wave of change passing along the gland. It appears that the cells of the anterior end of the gland become defunct and the hitherto inactive cells of the posterior end take on a secretory function. The structural protein has a high phenolic content, and contains no combined carbohydrate. The presence of lipoid in the secretory cells appears to be directly bound up with the secretory processes.

scholarly journals The Electron Microscopy of the Left Colleterial Gland of the Cockroach

1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Mercer ◽  
P. C. J. Brunet
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Intermediate Form ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Active Protein ◽  
Case Type ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Transient Intermediate ◽  
Colleterial Gland

A study has been made of the cells of the left colleterial gland of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.), using the electron microscope, and the results compared with previous histological and histochemical studies. The colleterial gland consists of an arborescent bunch of long tubules composed mainly of the cells which secrete the structural protein of the egg case ("type 4 cells"). Other types of cells: chitinogenic cells and "type 2 and 3 cells" each with a different cytology are described. The type 4 cells, which form the structural protein, reveal a cytological pattern very similar to that described for mammalian cells in a state of active protein synthesis. There is an elaborate development of particle-studded membranes in the cytoplasm. Smaller, rounded agranular vesicles also occur. The free secretory surface of the secreting cells forms the "end-apparatus" of the light microscopists. The invaginated surface is cast into numerous long narrow processes usually radially arranged and directed into a funnel-like formation derived from the thin intima lining the lumen of the gland (Text-fig. 2). The secretion in the form of small balls may be seen in the cavity of the end-apparatus and sometimes in the narrow processes. The small chitinogenic cells, lying between the protein-forming cells and the thin intima which they secrete, have a different cytology perhaps related to the fact that they form a polysaccharide rather than a protein. There is a very poor development of the particle-studded membranes of the type found in protein-forming cells. The type 2 cells, supposed to form an oxidase, have an end-apparatus that is similar to, but more complex than, those of the type 4 cells and their cytoplasm is almost completely filled with mitochondria. There is some evidence that mitochondria play a part in forming the oxidase and pass into the tubules of the end-apparatus. Type 3 cells resemble both types 2 and 4 and are probably a transient intermediate form.

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