Relict Endemism of Extant Rhineuridae (Amphisbaenia): Testing for Phylogenetic Niche Conservatism in the Fossil Record

2014 ◽  
Vol 297 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy A. Hipsley ◽  
Johannes Müller
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Niche Conservatism ◽  
Phylogenetic Niche Conservatism

scholarly journals Radiation of tropical island bees and the role of phylogenetic niche conservatism as an important driver of biodiversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1925) ◽  
pp. 20200045
Author(s):  
James B. Dorey ◽  
Scott V. C. Groom ◽  
Elisha H. Freedman ◽  
Cale S. Matthews ◽  
Olivia K. Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Niche Conservatism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Tropical Island ◽  
Phylogenetic Niche Conservatism ◽  
Phylogenetic Inertia ◽  
Island Biodiversity ◽  
Future Warming

Island biogeography explores how biodiversity in island ecosystems arises and is maintained. The topographical complexity of islands can drive speciation by providing a diversity of niches that promote adaptive radiation and speciation. However, recent studies have argued that phylogenetic niche conservatism, combined with topographical complexity and climate change, could also promote speciation if populations are episodically fragmented into climate refugia that enable allopatric speciation. Adaptive radiation and phylogenetic niche conservatism therefore both predict that topographical complexity should encourage speciation, but they differ strongly in their inferred mechanisms. Using genetic (mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)) and morphological data, we show high species diversity (22 species) in an endemic clade of Fijian Homalictus bees, with most species restricted to highlands and frequently exhibiting narrow geographical ranges. Our results indicate that elevational niches have been conserved across most speciation events, contradicting expectations from an adaptive radiation model but concordant with phylogenetic niche conservatism. Climate cycles, topographical complexity, and niche conservatism could interact to shape island biodiversity. We argue that phylogenetic niche conservatism is an important driver of tropical island bee biodiversity but that this phylogenetic inertia also leads to major extinction risks for tropical ectotherms under future warming climates.

scholarly journals Freezing and water availability structure the evolutionary diversity of trees across the Americas

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (19) ◽  
pp. eaaz5373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo A. Segovia ◽  
R. Toby Pennington ◽  
Tim R. Baker ◽  
Fernanda Coelho de Souza ◽  
Danilo M. Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Distribution ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Species Assemblages ◽  
Niche Conservatism ◽  
Dry Forests ◽  
Phylogenetic Niche Conservatism ◽  
Environmental Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary Diversification

The historical course of evolutionary diversification shapes the current distribution of biodiversity, but the main forces constraining diversification are still a subject of debate. We unveil the evolutionary structure of tree species assemblages across the Americas to assess whether an inability to move or an inability to evolve is the predominant constraint in plant diversification and biogeography. We find a fundamental divide in tree lineage composition between tropical and extratropical environments, defined by the absence versus presence of freezing temperatures. Within the Neotropics, we uncover a further evolutionary split between moist and dry forests. Our results demonstrate that American tree lineages tend to retain their ancestral environmental relationships and that phylogenetic niche conservatism is the primary force structuring the distribution of tree biodiversity. Our study establishes the pervasive importance of niche conservatism to community assembly even at intercontinental scales.

Phylogenetic niche conservatism does not explain elevational patterns of species richness, phylodiversity and family age of tree assemblages in Andean rainforest

Erdkunde ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Tiede ◽  
Jürgen Homeier ◽  
Nixon Cumbicus ◽  
Jaime Peña ◽  
Jörg Albrecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Niche Conservatism ◽  
Phylogenetic Niche Conservatism ◽  
Tree Assemblages

Phylogenetic niche conservatism in C4 grasses

Oecologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 170 (3) ◽  
pp. 835-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Liu ◽  
Erika J. Edwards ◽  
Robert P. Freckleton ◽  
Colin P. Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Niche Conservatism ◽  
C4 Grasses ◽  
Phylogenetic Niche Conservatism

scholarly journals Nonequilibrium evolution of volatility in origination and extinction explains fat-tailed fluctuations in Phanerozoic biodiversity

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. eaat0122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Rominger ◽  
Miguel A. Fuentes ◽  
Pablo A. Marquet
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Statistical Equilibrium ◽  
Niche Conservatism ◽  
Entire System ◽  
Nonequilibrium Statistical Physics ◽  
Adaptive Landscapes

Fluctuations in biodiversity, large and small, pervade the fossil record, yet we do not understand the processes generating them. Here, we extend theory from nonequilibrium statistical physics to describe the fat-tailed form of fluctuations in Phanerozoic marine invertebrate richness. Using this theory, known as superstatistics, we show that heterogeneous rates of origination and extinction between clades and conserved rates within clades account for this fat-tailed form. We identify orders and families as the taxonomic levels at which clades experience interclade heterogeneity and within-clade homogeneity of rates, indicating that families are subsystems in local statistical equilibrium, while the entire system is not. The separation of timescales between within-clade background rates and the origin of major innovations producing new orders and families allows within-clade dynamics to reach equilibrium, while between-clade dynamics do not. The distribution of different dynamics across clades is consistent with niche conservatism and pulsed exploration of adaptive landscapes.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic niche conservatism – common pitfalls and ways forward

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Münkemüller ◽  
Florian C. Boucher ◽  
Wilfried Thuiller ◽  
Sébastien Lavergne
Keyword(s):  
Niche Conservatism ◽  
Phylogenetic Niche Conservatism
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