Phylogenetic niche conservatism does not explain elevational patterns of species richness, phylodiversity and family age of tree assemblages in Andean rainforest

Erdkunde ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Tiede ◽  
Jürgen Homeier ◽  
Nixon Cumbicus ◽  
Jaime Peña ◽  
Jörg Albrecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Niche Conservatism ◽  
Phylogenetic Niche Conservatism ◽  
Tree Assemblages

scholarly journals Radiation of tropical island bees and the role of phylogenetic niche conservatism as an important driver of biodiversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1925) ◽  
pp. 20200045
Author(s):  
James B. Dorey ◽  
Scott V. C. Groom ◽  
Elisha H. Freedman ◽  
Cale S. Matthews ◽  
Olivia K. Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Niche Conservatism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Tropical Island ◽  
Phylogenetic Niche Conservatism ◽  
Phylogenetic Inertia ◽  
Island Biodiversity ◽  
Future Warming

Island biogeography explores how biodiversity in island ecosystems arises and is maintained. The topographical complexity of islands can drive speciation by providing a diversity of niches that promote adaptive radiation and speciation. However, recent studies have argued that phylogenetic niche conservatism, combined with topographical complexity and climate change, could also promote speciation if populations are episodically fragmented into climate refugia that enable allopatric speciation. Adaptive radiation and phylogenetic niche conservatism therefore both predict that topographical complexity should encourage speciation, but they differ strongly in their inferred mechanisms. Using genetic (mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)) and morphological data, we show high species diversity (22 species) in an endemic clade of Fijian Homalictus bees, with most species restricted to highlands and frequently exhibiting narrow geographical ranges. Our results indicate that elevational niches have been conserved across most speciation events, contradicting expectations from an adaptive radiation model but concordant with phylogenetic niche conservatism. Climate cycles, topographical complexity, and niche conservatism could interact to shape island biodiversity. We argue that phylogenetic niche conservatism is an important driver of tropical island bee biodiversity but that this phylogenetic inertia also leads to major extinction risks for tropical ectotherms under future warming climates.

scholarly journals A stochastic, evolutionary model for range shifts and richness on tropical elevational gradients under Quaternary glacial cycles

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1558) ◽  
pp. 3695-3707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert K. Colwell ◽  
Thiago F. Rangel
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Range Shifts ◽  
Niche Conservatism ◽  
Glacial Cycles ◽  
Differential Survival ◽  
Elevational Gradients ◽  
Temperature Cycles ◽  
Chance Events

Quaternary glacial–interglacial cycles repeatedly forced thermal zones up and down the slopes of mountains, at all latitudes. Although no one doubts that these temperature cycles have left their signature on contemporary patterns of geography and phylogeny, the relative roles of ecology and evolution are not well understood, especially for the tropics. To explore key mechanisms and their interactions in the context of chance events, we constructed a geographical range-based, stochastic simulation model that incorporates speciation, anagenetic evolution, niche conservatism, range shifts and extinctions under late Quaternary temperature cycles along tropical elevational gradients. In the model, elevational patterns of species richness arise from the differential survival of founder lineages, consolidated by speciation and the inheritance of thermal niche characteristics. The model yields a surprisingly rich variety of realistic patterns of phylogeny and biogeography, including close matches to a variety of contemporary elevational richness profiles from an elevational transect in Costa Rica. Mountaintop extinctions during interglacials and lowland extinctions at glacial maxima favour mid-elevation lineages, especially under the constraints of niche conservatism. Asymmetry in temperature (greater duration of glacial than of interglacial episodes) and in lateral area (greater land area at low than at high elevations) have opposing effects on lowland extinctions and the elevational pattern of species richness in the model—and perhaps in nature, as well.

Niche conservatism and species richness patterns of squamate reptiles in eastern and southern Africa

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 550-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
IGNACIO MORALES-CASTILLA ◽  
MIGUEL Á. OLALLA-TÁRRAGA ◽  
LUIS MAURICIO BINI ◽  
PAULO DE MARCO JR ◽  
BRADFORD A. HAWKINS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Niche Conservatism ◽  
Squamate Reptiles ◽  
Eastern And Southern Africa ◽  
Richness Patterns

scholarly journals Phylogenetic support for the Tropical Niche Conservatism Hypothesis despite the absence of a clear latitudinal species richness gradient in Yunnan's woody flora

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 7055-7077 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tang ◽  
M. G. Zhang ◽  
C. Liu ◽  
Z. Zhou ◽  
W. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Niche Conservatism ◽  
The North ◽  
Related Plant ◽  
Species Richness Gradient ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract. The Tropical Niche Conservatism Hypothesis (TCH) tries to explain the generally observed latitudinal gradient of increasing species diversity towards the tropics. To date, few studies have used phylogenetic approaches to assess its validity, even though such methods are especially suited to detect changes in niche structure. We test the TCH using modeled distributions of 1898 woody species in Yunnan Province (southwest China) in combination with a family level phylogeny. Unlike predicted, species richness and phylogenetic diversity did not show a latitudinal gradient, but identified two high diversity zones, one in Northwest and one in South Yunnan. Despite this, the underlying residual phylogenetic diversity showed a clear decline away from the tropics, while the species composition became progressingly more phylogenetically clustered towards the North. These latitudinal changes were strongly associated with more extreme temperature variability and declining precipitation and soil water availability, especially during the dry season. Our results suggests that the climatically more extreme conditions outside the tropics require adaptations for successful colonization, most likely related to the plant hydraulic system, that have been acquired by only a limited number of phylogenetically closely related plant lineages. We emphasize the importance of phylogenetic approaches for testing the TCH.

scholarly journals Freezing and water availability structure the evolutionary diversity of trees across the Americas

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (19) ◽  
pp. eaaz5373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo A. Segovia ◽  
R. Toby Pennington ◽  
Tim R. Baker ◽  
Fernanda Coelho de Souza ◽  
Danilo M. Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Distribution ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Species Assemblages ◽  
Niche Conservatism ◽  
Dry Forests ◽  
Phylogenetic Niche Conservatism ◽  
Environmental Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary Diversification

The historical course of evolutionary diversification shapes the current distribution of biodiversity, but the main forces constraining diversification are still a subject of debate. We unveil the evolutionary structure of tree species assemblages across the Americas to assess whether an inability to move or an inability to evolve is the predominant constraint in plant diversification and biogeography. We find a fundamental divide in tree lineage composition between tropical and extratropical environments, defined by the absence versus presence of freezing temperatures. Within the Neotropics, we uncover a further evolutionary split between moist and dry forests. Our results demonstrate that American tree lineages tend to retain their ancestral environmental relationships and that phylogenetic niche conservatism is the primary force structuring the distribution of tree biodiversity. Our study establishes the pervasive importance of niche conservatism to community assembly even at intercontinental scales.

Phylogenetic niche conservatism in C4 grasses

Oecologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 170 (3) ◽  
pp. 835-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Liu ◽  
Erika J. Edwards ◽  
Robert P. Freckleton ◽  
Colin P. Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Niche Conservatism ◽  
C4 Grasses ◽  
Phylogenetic Niche Conservatism
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