The Fish in the Turtle: On the Functionality of the Oropharynx in the Common Musk Turtle Sternotherus odoratus (Chelonia, Kinosternidae) Concerning Feeding and Underwater Respiration

2010 ◽  
Vol 293 (8) ◽  
pp. 1416-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egon Heiss ◽  
Nikolay Natchev ◽  
Christian Beisser ◽  
Patrick Lemell ◽  
Josef Weisgram
Keyword(s):  
Sternotherus Odoratus ◽  
The Common

A developmental staging system and musculoskeletal development sequence of the common musk turtle ( Sternotherus odoratus )

2020 ◽  
Vol 250 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Smith Paredes ◽  
Arianna Lord ◽  
Dalton Meyer ◽  
Bhart‐Anjan S. Bhullar
Keyword(s):  
Staging System ◽  
Musculoskeletal Development ◽  
Sternotherus Odoratus ◽  
The Common ◽  
Developmental Staging

scholarly journals Structure and function of the feeding apparatus in the common musk turtle Sternotherus odoratus (Chelonia, Kinosternidae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Natchev ◽  
Egon Heiss ◽  
Katharina Singer ◽  
Stefan Kummer ◽  
Dietmar Salaberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prey Capture ◽  
Freshwater Turtles ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Jaw Opening ◽  
Oropharyngeal Cavity ◽  
Sternotherus Odoratus ◽  
Food Transport ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Function ◽  
Pharyngeal Packing

The present study examined the kinematic patterns of initial food uptake, food transport, pharyngeal packing and swallowing in the common musk turtle Sternotherus odoratus. These data are supplemented by morphological descriptions of the skull and the hyolingual complex. Although the hyoid is mainly cartilaginous, S. odoratus still use exclusively hydrodynamic mechanisms in prey capture and prey transport. The tongue is relatively small, with weakly developed intrinsic musculature. We propose that the elasticity of the hypoglossum and the hyoid body impacts the capability of S. odoratus to suction feed, but allows these turtles to effectively re-position the food items within the oropharyngeal cavity during transport, manipulation and pharyngeal packing. We standardised conditions in all feeding events by using food items of the same consistence and size, and by always offering the food at the same position at the bottom of the aquarium. Nonetheless, the measured kinematic values varied considerably. The duration of prey capture and prey transport cycles were relatively long in S. odoratus compared to other freshwater turtles studied so far. The initiation of hyoid retraction relative to the onset of jaw opening can be modulated not only in prey capture but also in prey transport cycles. In the common musk turtle, the jaw and hyoid movements apparently have a low level of integration.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL SIGNALS IN VERTEBRATE PREDATOR-PREY SYSTEMS INVOLVING COMMON MUSK TURTLES, STERNOTHERUS ODORATUS, AND THEIR PREDATORS

2014 ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
Don Moll ◽  
Neil Dazet
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Chelydra Serpentina ◽  
Agkistrodon Piscivorus ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Snapping Turtle ◽  
Snapping Turtles ◽  
Sternotherus Odoratus ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Control

Rathke’s gland secretions (RGS) of Common Musk Turtles have a variety of proposed functions including predator deterrence and attraction, but experimental studies testing these hypotheses are lacking. This study used laboratory and field experiments to test whether RGS had attraction or repellent effects on two natural predators, the Cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus), and the Common Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina). In a laboratory experiment, we examined latency to feed and consumption times for Cottonmouths offered RGS-treated minnows and control minnows. In a field study, we investigated the ratio of snapping turtles appearing in traps with and without RGS-treated bait. The latency to feed times for Cottonmouths offered RGS-treated minnows were not significantly different from those offered control minnows. However, prey consumption times for Cottonmouths feeding on RGS-treated minnows were significantly greater than those feeding on control minnows. These results suggest that the RGS may lengthen the time of a predation sequence, possibly allowing the turtle more time to escape from the predator. The number of snapping turtles appearing in traps with RGS-treated bait was significantly greater than the number of snapping turtles in traps without RGS-treated bait. These results support the predator attraction hypothesis, where the signal may attract additional predators that interfere with a predation event, providing an opportunity for the prey to escape.

Catalogue reduction techniques

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 389-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chr. de Vegt
Keyword(s):  
Adjustment Process ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
Measuring Process ◽  
Aerial Photogrammetry ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
Observational Technique ◽  
The Common ◽  
Astrometric Data

AbstractReduction techniques as applied to astrometric data material tend to split up traditionally into at least two different classes according to the observational technique used, namely transit circle observations and photographic observations. Although it is not realized fully in practice at present, the application of a blockadjustment technique for all kind of catalogue reductions is suggested. The term blockadjustment shall denote in this context the common adjustment of the principal unknowns which are the positions, proper motions and certain reduction parameters modelling the systematic properties of the observational process. Especially for old epoch catalogue data we frequently meet the situation that no independent detailed information on the telescope properties and other instrumental parameters, describing for example the measuring process, is available from special calibration observations or measurements; therefore the adjustment process should be highly self-calibrating, that means: all necessary information has to be extracted from the catalogue data themselves. Successful applications of this concept have been made already in the field of aerial photogrammetry.

Renilla Bioluminescence: A Morphologic Approach to the Location of Photocytes

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
Ben O. Spurlock ◽  
Milton J. Cormier
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Chemical Basis ◽  
Electronic Excited State ◽  
Colonial Form ◽  
The Common ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
Catalyzed Oxidation

The phenomenon of bioluminescence has fascinated layman and scientist alike for many centuries. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries a number of observations were reported on the physiology of bioluminescence in Renilla, the common sea pansy. More recently biochemists have directed their attention to the molecular basis of luminosity in this colonial form. These studies have centered primarily on defining the chemical basis for bioluminescence and its control. It is now established that bioluminescence in Renilla arises due to the luciferase-catalyzed oxidation of luciferin. This results in the creation of a product (oxyluciferin) in an electronic excited state. The transition of oxyluciferin from its excited state to the ground state leads to light emission.

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