Immuno-histochemical localization of cyclic nucleotides in mineralized tissues: Mechanically-stressed osteoblasts in vivo

1978 ◽  
Vol 192 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeev Davidovitch ◽  
Paul C. Montgomery ◽  
Robert W. Yost ◽  
Joseph L. Shanfeld
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Nucleotides ◽  
Histochemical Localization ◽  
Mineralized Tissues

Immuno-histochemical localization of cyclic nucleotides in the periodontium: Mechanically-stressed cells in vivo

1978 ◽  
Vol 192 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeev Davidovitch ◽  
Paul C. Montgomery ◽  
Robert W. Yost ◽  
Joseph L. Shanfeld
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Nucleotides ◽  
Histochemical Localization ◽  
Stressed Cells

scholarly journals Cemp1-p3 Peptide Promotes the Transformation of Octacalcium Phosphate into Hydroxyapatite Crystals

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1131
Author(s):  
Maricela Santana ◽  
Gonzalo Montoya ◽  
Raúl Herrera ◽  
Lía Hoz ◽  
Enrique Romo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Octacalcium Phosphate ◽  
Sequence Motifs ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Precursor Phase ◽  
Mineralized Tissues ◽  
Potent Growth

Dental cementum contains unique molecules that regulate the mineralization process in vitro and in vivo, such as cementum protein 1 (CEMP1). This protein possesses amino acid sequence motifs like the human recombinant CEMP1 with biological activity. This novel cementum protein 1-derived peptide (CEMP1-p3, from the CEMP1’s N-terminal domain: (QPLPKGCAAVKAEVGIPAPH), consists of 20 amino acids. Hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals could be obtained through the combination of the amorphous precursor phase and macromolecules such as proteins and peptides. We used a simple method to synthesize peptide/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites using OCP and CEMP1-p3. The characterization of the crystals through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), high--resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and Raman spectroscopy revealed that CEMP1-p3 transformed OCP into hydroxyapatite (HA) under constant ionic strength and in a buffered solution. CEMP1-p3 binds and highly adsorbs to OCP and is a potent growth stimulator of OCP crystals. CEMP1-p3 fosters the transformation of OCP into HA crystals with crystalline planes (300) and (004) that correspond to the cell of hexagonal HA. Octacalcium phosphate crystals treated with CEMP1-p3 grown in simulated physiological buffer acquired hexagonal arrangement corresponding to HA. These findings provide new insights into the potential application of CEMP1-p3 on possible biomimetic approaches to generate materials for the repair and regeneration of mineralized tissues, or restorative materials in the orthopedic field.

Hormonal regulation of canine intestinal cholesterol synthesis

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (4) ◽  
pp. G274-G280
Author(s):  
M. W. Goodman ◽  
W. F. Prigge ◽  
R. L. Gebhard
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Nucleotides ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Ileal Mucosa ◽  
Control Activity

Hormonal regulation of intestinal cholesterol synthesis was studied both in vitro and in vivo. Cholesterol synthesis rate was determined by measurement of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (EC 1.1.1.34) activity and by incorporation [14C]acetate into sterol. In vitro studies utilized organ culture of canine ileal mucosa. During 6-h culture, reductase activity was stimulated sevenfold. Insulin (10-6 M) augmented this rise to 144 +/- 7% of th control activity, while 10(-8) M glucagon, 10(-3) M adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine suppressed activity (final reductase activity was 83 +/- 3%, 75 +/- 4%, and 41 +/- 3%, respectively, of cultured control values). In vivo studies utilized dogs with isolated Thiry-Vella ileal fistulas. In vivo, insulin doubled reductase activity while glucagon led to a 42 +/- 9% suppression. It is concluded that insulin and glucagon may be potential physiological regulators of intestinal cholesterol synthesis. The glucagon effect may be mediated by cyclic nucleotides.

Methods to Study the in vivo Regulation of Cyclic Nucleotides in Pituitary

2015 ◽  
pp. 197-205
Author(s):  
E. Costa ◽  
A. Guidotti ◽  
P. Uzunov ◽  
B. Zivkovic
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Nucleotides

scholarly journals Calcifying tissue regeneration via biomimetic materials chemistry

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (101) ◽  
pp. 20140537 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Green ◽  
Tazuko K. Goto ◽  
Kye-Seong Kim ◽  
Han-Sung Jung
Keyword(s):  
Good Reason ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Materials Chemistry ◽  
Biomimetic Materials ◽  
Mineralized Tissues ◽  
And Function ◽  
Self Organizing

Materials chemistry is making a fundamental impact in regenerative sciences providing many platforms for tissue development. However, there is a surprising paucity of replacements that accurately mimic the structure and function of the structural fabric of tissues or promote faithful tissue reconstruction. Methodologies in biomimetic materials chemistry have shown promise in replicating morphologies, architectures and functional building blocks of acellular mineralized tissues dentine, enamel and bone or that can be used to fully regenerate them with integrated cell populations. Biomimetic materials chemistry encompasses the two processes of crystal formation and mineralization of crystals into inorganic formations on organic templates. This review will revisit the successes of biomimetics materials chemistry in regenerative medicine, including coccolithophore simulants able to promote in vivo bone formation. In-depth knowledge of biomineralization throughout evolution informs the biomimetic materials chemist of the most effective techniques for regenerative framework construction exemplified via exploitation of liquid crystals (LCs) and complex self-organizing media. Therefore, a new innovative direction would be to create chemical environments that perform reaction–diffusion exchanges as the basis for building complex biomimetic inorganic structures. This has evolved widely in biology, as have LCs, serving as self-organizing templates in pattern formation of structural biomaterials. For instance, a study is highlighted in which artificially fabricated chiral LCs, made from bacteriophages are transformed into a faithful copy of enamel. While chemical-based strategies are highly promising at creating new biomimetic structures there are limits to the degree of complexity that can be generated. Thus, there may be good reason to implement living or artificial cells in ‘morphosynthesis’ of complex inorganic constructs. In the future, cellular construction is probably key to instruct building of ultimate biomimetic hierarchies with a totality of functions.

scholarly journals Systems Biology Analysis Reveals Eight SLC22 Transporter Subgroups, Including OATs, OCTs, and OCTNs

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darcy C. Engelhart ◽  
Jeffry C. Granados ◽  
Da Shi ◽  
Milton H. Saier Jr. ◽  
Michael E. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Nucleotides ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Specific Substrate ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Carnitine Derivatives ◽  
Metabolite Network

The SLC22 family of OATs, OCTs, and OCTNs is emerging as a central hub of endogenous physiology. Despite often being referred to as “drug” transporters, they facilitate the movement of metabolites and key signaling molecules. An in-depth reanalysis supports a reassignment of these proteins into eight functional subgroups, with four new subgroups arising from the previously defined OAT subclade: OATS1 (SLC22A6, SLC22A8, and SLC22A20), OATS2 (SLC22A7), OATS3 (SLC22A11, SLC22A12, and Slc22a22), and OATS4 (SLC22A9, SLC22A10, SLC22A24, and SLC22A25). We propose merging the OCTN (SLC22A4, SLC22A5, and Slc22a21) and OCT-related (SLC22A15 and SLC22A16) subclades into the OCTN/OCTN-related subgroup. Using data from GWAS, in vivo models, and in vitro assays, we developed an SLC22 transporter-metabolite network and similar subgroup networks, which suggest how multiple SLC22 transporters with mono-, oligo-, and multi-specific substrate specificity interact to regulate metabolites. Subgroup associations include: OATS1 with signaling molecules, uremic toxins, and odorants, OATS2 with cyclic nucleotides, OATS3 with uric acid, OATS4 with conjugated sex hormones, particularly etiocholanolone glucuronide, OCT with neurotransmitters, and OCTN/OCTN-related with ergothioneine and carnitine derivatives. Our data suggest that the SLC22 family can work among itself, as well as with other ADME genes, to optimize levels of numerous metabolites and signaling molecules, involved in organ crosstalk and inter-organismal communication, as proposed by the remote sensing and signaling theory.

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