Climate-friendly polyurethane blowing agent based on a carbon dioxide adduct from palmitic acid grafted polyethyleneimine

2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (35) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanzhu Long ◽  
Fuhua Sun ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
Dong Huang ◽  
Xingyi Xie
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Blowing Agent

Thermoplastic starch and glutaraldehyde modified thermoplastic starch foams prepared using supercritical carbon dioxide fluid as a blowing agent

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 2643-2654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-li Peng ◽  
Xuan-long Peng ◽  
James Runt ◽  
Chao-ming Huang ◽  
Kuo-shien Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Starch Foams ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

scholarly journals Viscosity measurement of polypropylene loaded with blowing agents (propane and carbon dioxide) by a novel inline method

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
Raphael Vincent ◽  
Martin Langlotz ◽  
Matthias Düngen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Polymer Melt ◽  
Viscosity Measurement ◽  
Viscosity Reduction ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Melt Temperature ◽  
Blowing Agents ◽  
Foam Extrusion ◽  
Blowing Agent

Decreased viscosity due to the influence of blowing agent in thermoplastic polymer melts is a key issue for understanding the process of foam extrusion. In a process for direct foam extrusion, a novel approach for inline viscosity measurement of single-phase systems in single screw extruders is used to experimentally evaluate a viscosity decrease. Two blowing agents (propane and carbon dioxide) are tested for their effect on the viscosity of a polypropylene melt. While mass fractions of blowing agent below [Formula: see text] show little to no effect in regard to viscosity reduction compared to a pure polymer melt, a mass fraction of [Formula: see text] already results in significantly decreased viscosity values. While melt temperature influences the viscosity of the polymer melt, measurements show no significant additional effect in regard to a lowered viscosity of a single-phase system of polymer and fully dissolved blowing agent.

scholarly journals Foaming Behavior and Microcellular Morphologies of Incompatible SAN/CPE Blends with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as a Physical Blowing Agent

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Chen Zhang ◽  
Chun-Na Yu ◽  
Yong Liang ◽  
Gui-Xiang Lin ◽  
Cong Meng
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Chlorinated Polyethylene ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Interconnected Pores ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

The foaming process and cellular morphologies of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN)/chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) blends with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as a blowing agent were investigated in this study. As compared to pure SAN foam in the same batch, the foamed blends with various CPE elastomer content had smaller average pore size and larger cell density. This is probably related to the inhibition of bubble growth by elastomer, resulting in poor melt flowability and strong viscoelasticity, and the efficient bubble heterogeneous nucleation caused by numerous phase interfaces inside the incompletely compatible blend system. In addition, many tiny interconnected holes through the pore walls were formed to connect adjacent micropores in foamed blend samples. The formation mechanism of such interconnected pores is probably due to the fracture of stretched melt around the bubble from phase interfaces with weak interactions. These facts suggest an effective path to control pore size, cell density and even interconnected pores of blend foams depends on the compatibility of the blend system and difference in foamability of individual components in supercritical CO2.

Development of a multiple-hole die for the production of single large blocks of low-density polystyrene using carbon dioxide as a blowing agent

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 2328-2334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaap van Spronsen ◽  
Jeroen P.H. van Luijtelaer ◽  
Albert Stoop ◽  
J. Christian Scheper ◽  
Tjerk J. de Vries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Blowing Agent

scholarly journals Tinjauan karakteristik foam plastik mikroseluler polistirena dengan penambahan aditif pada teknologi superkritis

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Faidliyah Nilna Minah ◽  
Firman Kurniawansyah ◽  
S Sumarno
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Microcellular Foam ◽  
Fiber System ◽  
Average Cell ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Scanning Electron

Processing technology of microcellular plastic represents development of foaming conventional plastic process. The processing of microcellular plastic has been acknowledged as eco-friendly technology because this plastic is produced by the use of benign supercritical carbon dioxide gas as blowing agent. In this work, the samples polystyrene and additive were saturated with supercritical CO2 at various saturation pressures from 10-22 MPa (at around glass transition temperature of 95 oC and 80 oC) When the saturation time was accomplished, the solution was decompressed rapidly into atmospheric pressure. The samples were placed in the vessel heated and completed by flowing of carbon dioxide as cooler gas into the vessel. The samples were characterized to observe volume expansion ratio, cell density, average cell diameter and surface fractured with Scanning Electron Microscopy. The microcellular foam of plastic product of PS system has cell diameter between 3.970-9.933 μm , cell density between 9.14x104 – 6.24x109 cell/ cm3. PS-CaCO3 system has cell diameter between 3.501-8.050 μm, cell density between 3.31x107 – 1.10x1011 cell/cm3, while PS-coconut fiber system hascell diameter between 2.520-8.414 μm, cell density between 1.50x108 -1.60x1010 cell/cm3 at various pressure.Keywords: polystyrene, microcellular foam plastic, supercritical CO2, CaCO3additive, coconut fiber additive.  AbstrakProses pembuatan plastik mikroseluler merupakan pengembangan dari proses pembuatan foam plastik konvensional. Plastik mikroseluler menggunakan fluida superkritis seperti CO2 dan N2 sebagai blowing agent yang ramah terhadap lingkungan, sehingga proses pembuatan foam plastik mikroseluler dikenal sebagai teknologi ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel polistirena yang dicampur dengan partikel kalsium karbonat atau sabut kelapa dengan konsentrasi 5% yang diproses pada kondisi tekanan 10-22 MPa (T = 95 oC dan 80 oC). Setelah kondisi yang diinginkan tercapai dilakukan dekompresi secara mendadak menuju tekanan atmosfer, dan dilanjutkan dengan proses pemanasan, diakhiri dengan mengalirkan gas CO2 sebagai pendingin. Selanjutnya sampel dikarakterisasi untuk mengetahui rasio volume ekspansi foam, densitas sel, diameter rata-rata sel dan struktur foam yang dihasilkan dengan Scanning Electron Microscope. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan pada sistem PS Murni menghasilkan diameter sel antara 3,970-9,933 μm dan densitas sel 9,14x104 - 6,24x109 cell/cm3. Sistem PS-CaCO3 menghasilkan diameter sel antara 3,501-8,050 μm dan densitas sel 3,31x107 - 1,10x1011 cell/cm3, dan pada sistem PS-Sabut kelapa menghasilkan diameter sel antara 2,520-8,414 μm dan densitas sel 1,50x108 - 1,60x1010 cell/cm3 pada berbagai variasi tekanan.Kata kunci : polistirena, foam plastik mikroseluler, CO2 superkritis, aditif CaCO3, aditif sabut kelapa.

scholarly journals Rheology in the Presence of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) to Study the Melt Behavior of Chemically Modified Polylactide (PLA)

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1108
Author(s):  
Dominik Dörr ◽  
Tobias Standau ◽  
Svenja Murillo Castellón ◽  
Christian Bonten ◽  
Volker Altstädt
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Reactive Extrusion ◽  
Elevated Pressure ◽  
Organic Peroxide ◽  
Recrystallization Temperature ◽  
Chemical Modifier ◽  
Rheological Measurements ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

For the preparation of polylactide (PLA)-based foams, it is commonly necessary to increase the melt strength of the polymer. Additives such as chain extenders (CE) or peroxides are often used to build up the molecular weight by branching or even crosslinking during reactive extrusion. Furthermore, a blowing agent with a low molecular weight, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), is introduced in the foaming process, which might affect the reactivity during extrusion. Offline rheological tests can help to measure and better understand the kinetics of the reaction, especially the reaction between the polymer and the chemical modifier. However, rheological measurements are mostly done in an inert nitrogen atmosphere without an equivalent gas loading of the polymer melt, like during the corresponding reactive extrusion process. Therefore, the influence of the blowing agent itself is not considered within these standard rheological measurements. Thus, in this study, a rheometer equipped with a pressure cell is used to conduct rheological measurements of neat and chemical-modified polymers in the presence of CO2 at pressures up to 40 bar. The specific effects of CO2 at elevated pressure on the reactivity between the polymer and the chemical modifiers (an organic peroxide and as second choice, an epoxy-based CE) were investigated and compared. It could be shown in the rheological experiments that the reactivity of the chain extender is reduced in the presence of CO2, while the peroxide is less affected. Finally, it was possible to detect the recrystallization temperature Trc of the unmodified and unbranched sample by the torque maximum in the rheometer, representing the tear off of the stamp from the sample. Trc was about 13 K lower in the CO2-loaded sample. Furthermore, it was possible to detect the influences of branching and gas loading simultaneously. Here the influence of the branching on Trc was much higher in comparison to a gas loading.

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