Removal of residual lignin of ethanol-based organosolv pulp by an alkali extraction process

2007 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 630-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiyun Zhang ◽  
Yongjian Xu ◽  
Kecheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Process ◽  
Residual Lignin ◽  
Alkali Extraction ◽  
Organosolv Pulp

scholarly journals Evaluation of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch for Cellulose Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 945 (1) ◽  
pp. 012021
Author(s):  
Yi Hang Wong ◽  
Eamon Marcus T-Z Chew ◽  
Pey Yi Toh ◽  
Lee Muei Chng
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Cellulose Production ◽  
Alkali Extraction ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Lignocellulosic Feedstock ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) with a cellulose content of 39 wt% is a good promise to be an alternative lignocellulosic feedstock for cellulose production through environmentally friendly extraction process. Therefore, this research was aimed to establish an effective cellulose extraction scheme from OPEFB via introduction of ultrasonication in the alkaline pulping stage for process intensification. The process could greatly reduce alkali solvent usage for cellulose extraction, hence alleviating the environmental impact caused by chemical disposal. Firstly, four distinct pre-treatment techniques had been used to pre-treat the OPEFB powder, namely autoclave, organosolv, acid and microwave pre-treatments. Afterwards, the pre-treated samples further underwent ultrasonic-assisted alkali extraction to extract the cellulose content. It was observed that the autoclave pre-treated ultrasonic extract achieved the highest cellulose content of 77.14 wt% at optimum KOH concentration of 0.75 M, ultrasonic amplitude of 30%, duration of 30 min and temperature of 80 °C. Therefore, the introduction of ultrasonication in alkali extraction of cellulose was indeed an effective approach in establishing a green production scheme of cellulose from lignocellulose.

scholarly journals Extraction of Polysaccharide from Spirulina and Evaluation of Its Activities

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Bingyue Wang ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Yinghong Huang ◽  
Yueling Yuan ◽  
Qianqian Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Alkali Extraction

Background. Polysaccharide of Spirulina platensis (PSP) is a kind of water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from Spirulina platensis. It has been proved to have antitumor, antioxidation, antiaging, and antivirus properties. And it has a promising prospect for wide application. Objective. This study aims to identify an extraction process for high-purity polysaccharide in Spirulina (PSP) through a series of optimization methods and then evaluates its initial antiaging activities. Methods. Four kinds of extraction methods—hot-water extraction, alkali extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and freeze-thaw extraction—were compared to find the optimal one, which was further optimized by response surface methodology. PSP was obtained after the crude PSP was deproteinized and depigmented. The antiaging effects of PSP were preliminarily evaluated through in vitro cell experiments. Results. The alkali extraction method was determined as the optimal method, with the optimized extraction process consisting of a solid-liquid ratio of 1 : 50, a pH value of 10.25, a temperature of 89.24°C, and a time of 9.99 h. The final PSP contained 71.65% of polysaccharide and 8.54% of protein. At a concentration of 50 μg/mL, PSP exerted a significant promoting effect on the proliferation and traumatic fusion of human immortalized epidermal cells HaCaT. Conclusion. An extraction method for high-purity PSP with a high extraction rate was established, and in vitro results suggest antioxidation and antiaging activities.

APPLICATION OF THE ALKALI EXTRACTION PROCESS TO TURKISH TRONA DEPOSIT

1995 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. NASÜN-SAYGILI ◽  
H. OKUTAN
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Process ◽  
Alkali Extraction

Antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo of the polysaccharides from different varieties of Auricularia auricula

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3868-3879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siqi Xu ◽  
Yongjun Zhang ◽  
Kan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Alkali Extraction ◽  
Auricularia Auricula

In this study, five different kinds of polysaccharides (AAP1, AAP2, AAP3, AAP4, and AAP5) were extracted from different varieties ofAuricularia auriculathrough an alkali extraction process.

Freeze-Etch Crystal-Like Structures in Membranous Glomerulosclerosis

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 394-395
Author(s):  
Burton B. Silver
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Donor Kidney ◽  
Unknown Substance ◽  
Etched Surface ◽  
Standard Fixation ◽  
Diseased Kidney

Tissue from a non-functional kidney affected with chronic membranous glomerulosclerosis was removed at time of trnasplantation. Recipient kidney tissue and donor kidney tissue were simultaneously fixed for electron microscopy. Primary fixation was in phosphate buffered gluteraldehyde followed by infiltration in 20 and then 40% glycerol. The tissues were frozen in liquid Freon and finally in liquid nitrogen. Fracturing and replication of the etched surface was carried out in a Denton freeze-etch device. The etched surface was coated with platinum followed by carbon. These replicas were cleaned in a 50% solution of sodium hypochlorite and mounted on 400 mesh copper grids. They were examined in an Siemens Elmiskop IA. The pictures suggested that the diseased kidney had heavy deposits of an unknown substance which might account for its inoperative state at the time of surgery. Such deposits were not as apparent in light microscopy or in the standard fixation methods used for EM. This might have been due to some extraction process which removed such granular material in the dehydration steps.

Biorefinery implementation for recovery debottlenecking at existing pulp mills- Part II: Techno-economic evaluation

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAKIM GHEZZAZ ◽  
LUC PELLETIER ◽  
PAUL R. STUART
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Precipitation Process

The evaluation and process risk assessment of (a) lignin precipitation from black liquor, and (b) the near-neutral hemicellulose pre-extraction for recovery boiler debottlenecking in an existing pulp mill is presented in Part I of this paper, which was published in the July 2012 issue of TAPPI Journal. In Part II, the economic assessment of the two biorefinery process options is presented and interpreted. A mill process model was developed using WinGEMS software and used for calculating the mass and energy balances. Investment costs, operating costs, and profitability of the two biorefinery options have been calculated using standard cost estimation methods. The results show that the two biorefinery options are profitable for the case study mill and effective at process debottlenecking. The after-tax internal rate of return (IRR) of the lignin precipitation process option was estimated to be 95%, while that of the hemicellulose pre-extraction process option was 28%. Sensitivity analysis showed that the after tax-IRR of the lignin precipitation process remains higher than that of the hemicellulose pre-extraction process option, for all changes in the selected sensitivity parameters. If we consider the after-tax IRR, as well as capital cost, as selection criteria, the results show that for the case study mill, the lignin precipitation process is more promising than the near-neutral hemicellulose pre-extraction process. However, the comparison between the two biorefinery options should include long-term evaluation criteria. The potential of high value-added products that could be produced from lignin in the case of the lignin precipitation process, or from ethanol and acetic acid in the case of the hemicellulose pre-extraction process, should also be considered in the selection of the most promising process option.

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