scholarly journals Extraction of Polysaccharide from Spirulina and Evaluation of Its Activities

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Bingyue Wang ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Yinghong Huang ◽  
Yueling Yuan ◽  
Qianqian Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Alkali Extraction

Background. Polysaccharide of Spirulina platensis (PSP) is a kind of water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from Spirulina platensis. It has been proved to have antitumor, antioxidation, antiaging, and antivirus properties. And it has a promising prospect for wide application. Objective. This study aims to identify an extraction process for high-purity polysaccharide in Spirulina (PSP) through a series of optimization methods and then evaluates its initial antiaging activities. Methods. Four kinds of extraction methods—hot-water extraction, alkali extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and freeze-thaw extraction—were compared to find the optimal one, which was further optimized by response surface methodology. PSP was obtained after the crude PSP was deproteinized and depigmented. The antiaging effects of PSP were preliminarily evaluated through in vitro cell experiments. Results. The alkali extraction method was determined as the optimal method, with the optimized extraction process consisting of a solid-liquid ratio of 1 : 50, a pH value of 10.25, a temperature of 89.24°C, and a time of 9.99 h. The final PSP contained 71.65% of polysaccharide and 8.54% of protein. At a concentration of 50 μg/mL, PSP exerted a significant promoting effect on the proliferation and traumatic fusion of human immortalized epidermal cells HaCaT. Conclusion. An extraction method for high-purity PSP with a high extraction rate was established, and in vitro results suggest antioxidation and antiaging activities.

scholarly journals Apple Pomace Extract as a Sustainable Food Ingredient

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro A. R. Fernandes ◽  
Sónia S. Ferreira ◽  
Rita Bastos ◽  
Isabel Ferreira ◽  
Maria T. Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Apple Pomace ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Sustainable Solutions

Apple pomace is a by-product of apple processing industries with low value and thus frequent disposal, although with valuable compounds. Acidified hot water extraction has been suggested as a clean, feasible, and easy approach for the recovery of polyphenols. This type of extraction allowed us to obtain 296 g of extract per kg of dry apple pomace, including 3.3 g of polyphenols and 281 g of carbohydrates. Ultrafiltration and solid-phase extraction using C18 cartridges of the hot water extract suggested that, in addition to the apple native polyphenols detected by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to a diode-array detector and mass spectrometry UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn, polyphenols could also be present as complexes with carbohydrates. For the water-soluble polyphenols, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects were observed by inhibiting chemically generated hydroxyl radicals (OH•) and nitrogen monoxide radicals (NO•) produced in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. The water-soluble polyphenols, when incorporated into yogurt formulations, were not affected by fermentation and improved the antioxidant properties of the final product. This in vitro research paves the way for agro-food industries to achieve more diversified and sustainable solutions towards their main by-products.

scholarly journals Production of Ulvan Oligosaccharides with Antioxidant and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-Inhibitory Activities by Microbial Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Yueh-Hao Ronny Hung ◽  
Guan-Wen Chen ◽  
Chorng-Liang Pan ◽  
Hong-Ting Victor Lin
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Ace Inhibition ◽  
Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Green Seaweed ◽  
Ft Ir

Seaweed oligosaccharides have attracted attention in food, agricultural, and medical applications recently. Compared to red and brown seaweeds, fewer studies have focused on the biological activity of green seaweed’s oligosaccharides. This study aimed to produce bioactive ulvan oligosaccharides via enzymatic hydrolysis from green seaweed Ulva lactuca. Ulvan, a water-soluble polysaccharide, was obtained by hot water extraction. Two isolated marine bacteria, Pseudomonas vesicularis MA103 and Aeromonas salmonicida MAEF108, were used to produce multiple hydrolases, such as ulvanolytic enzymes, amylase, cellulase, and xylanase, to degrade the ulvan extract. An ultrafiltration system was used to separate the enzymatic hydrolysate to acquire the ulvan oligosaccharides (UOS). The characteristics of the ulvan extract and the UOS were determined by yield, reducing sugar, uronic acid, sulfate group, and total phenols. The FT-IR spectrum indicated that the ulvan extract and the UOS presented the bands associated with O-H, C=O, C-O, and S=O stretching. Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition and antioxidant activities in vitro were evaluated in the ulvan extract and the UOS. These results provide a practical approach to producing bioactive UOS by microbial enzymatic hydrolysis that can benefit the development of seaweed-based products at the industrial scale.

Characterization and Antitumor Activity of a Glucan Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 47-49
Author(s):  
Shi Gang Li ◽  
Yong Qi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Human Gastric Cancer ◽  
Relationship Analysis

A water-soluble polysaccharide named as HPS-1 was isolated from the roots of Hedysarum polybotrys Hand.-Mazz by hot water extraction, anion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography and tested for its antitumor activity. Its structural characteristics were investigated by FTIR, HPLC, NMR spectroscopy, GLCMS, methylation analysis, Periodate oxidation and Smith degradation. Based on the data obtained, HPS-1 was found to be an α- (14)-D-glucan, with a single α-D-glucose at the C-6 position every nine residue, on average, along the main chain. The glucan has a weight-average molecular weight of about 9.4×104 Da. MTT assay revealed that HPS-1 significantly inhibited the proliferation of Human hepatocellular carcinoma HEP-G2 cells and human gastric cancer MGC-803 cells in vitro, indicating HPS-1 could have a possible cancer therapeutic potential.

The question of grain content and forage quality in maize: comparisons between isogenic fertile and sterile plants

1975 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Bunting
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Forage Maize ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Grain Formation

SUMMARYResults are presented from four experiments in which comparisons were made between isogenic sterile and fertile plants of maize to study the effects of grain content on yield and quality of shoot dry matter. In two experiments comparisons were made over a range of densities, extending from 5 to 25 plants/m2 in 1972 and 5 to 20 plants/m2 in 1973. The other two experiments, grown in 1974 at a density of 10 plants/m2, were sampled 30, 60 and 90 days after flowering.In 1972 and 1973 yield of shoot dry material was about 10% higher in fertile plants at the lowest density, 5 plants/m2, but grain formation had a negligible effect at higher densities. In 1974, at 10 plants/m2, the yield advantage for fertile plants was 6–7%. These results are in line with other European data, but show a much smaller effect of grain formation on shoot dry matter yield than is normally recorded in USA trials. The discrepancies probably reflect differences in environmental conditions.Absence of grain had little effect on contents of nitrogen, ash and in vitro digestible dry matter, and increased content of pepsin soluble material and hot water soluble carbohydrates. Percentage content of dry matter in the shoot was higher in fertile plants in 1973, and during the later stages of crop development in 1974.The results suggest that the importance attached to high grain content as an essential requirement for yield and quality in forage maize is exaggerated, and that the restriction of maize breeding and testing programmes to assessments of grain production, in the belief that the best grain varieties will also be best for forage, can no longer be justified in northern European countries.

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of Cocoa Pod Husk Pectin as a Carrier for Chronodelivery of Hydrocortisone Intended for Adrenal Insufficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofosua Adi-Dako ◽  
Kwabena Ofori-Kwakye ◽  
Mariam El Boakye-Gyasi ◽  
Samuel Oppong Bekoe ◽  
Samuel Okyem
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Aqueous Medium ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Matrix Tablets ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husk

This study evaluated the in vitro potential of cocoa pod husk (CPH) pectin as a carrier for chronodelivery of hydrocortisone intended for adrenal insufficiency. FTIR studies found no drug-CPH pectin interactions, and chemometric analysis showed that pure hydrocortisone bears closer similarity to hydrocortisone in hot water soluble pectin (HWSP) than hydrocortisone in citric acid soluble pectin (CASP). CPH pectin-based hydrocortisone matrix tablets (~300 mg) were prepared by direct compression and wet granulation techniques, and the tablet cores were film-coated with a 15% HPMC formulation for timed release, followed by a 12.5% Eudragit® S100 formulation for acid resistance. In vitro drug release studies of the uncoated and coated matrix tablets in simulated gastrointestinal conditions showed that wet granulation tablets exhibit greater retardation of drug release in aqueous medium than directly compressed tablets. CASP showed greater suppression of drug release in aqueous medium than HWSP. Wet granulation HWSP-based matrix tablets coated to a final coat weight gain of ~25% w/w were optimized for chronodelivery of hydrocortisone in the colon. The optimized tablets exhibited a lag phase of ~6 h followed by accelerated drug release in the colonic region and have potential to control night time cortisol levels in patients with adrenal insufficiency.

scholarly journals Structure of β-glucan from Tibetan hull-less barley and its in vitro fermentation by human gut microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenxi Nie ◽  
Xin Yan ◽  
Xiaoqing Xie ◽  
Ziqi Zhang ◽  
Jiang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota

Abstract Background The influence of β-glucan on the human gut microbiota is closely related to the physicochemical structure of β-glucan. We purified a homogeneous water-soluble polysaccharide from Tibetan hull-less barley 25 and studied its structure and the in vitro fermentation profile. Results Analysis by gas chromatography (GC), Fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force micrograph (AFM) helped determine the hull-less barley polysaccharide to be a β-glucan (molecular weight: 3.45 × 104 Da), which was further characterized as mixed-linkage (1 → 3)(1 → 4)-linked β-d-glucans. SEM images demonstrated an intricate web structure of the hull-less barley polysaccharide, while the AFM images revealed the presence of small spherical particles in its structure. In addition, the microbiota composition of the hull-less barley polysaccharide group was found to be altered, wherein the abundance of Pantoea, Megamonas, Bifidobacterium, and Prevotella-9 were increased. On the other hand, in vitro fermentation revealed that hull-less barley polysaccharide significantly decreased the pH value and increased the production of acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Conclusions Hull-less barley polysaccharide is a type of dietary fiber, and its analysis suggested that it may serve as a prebiotic food supplement for the regulation of the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Probiotic Enrichment and Reduction of Aflatoxins in a Traditional African Maize-Based Fermented Food

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Wacoo ◽  
Ivan Mukisa ◽  
Rehema Meeme ◽  
Stellah Byakika ◽  
Deborah Wendiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa

Fermentation of food products can be used for the delivery of probiotic bacteria and means of food detoxification, provided that probiotics are able to grow, and toxins are reduced in raw materials with minimal effects on consumer acceptability. This study evaluated probiotic enrichment and detoxification of kwete, a commonly consumed traditional fermented cereal beverage in Uganda, by the use of starter culture with the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus yoba 2012 and Streptococcus thermophilus C106. Probiotic kwete was produced by fermenting a suspension of ground maize grain at 30 °C for a period of 24 h, leading to a decrease of the pH value to ≤ 4.0 and increase in titratable acidity of at least 0.2% (w/v). Probiotic kwete was acceptable to the consumers with a score of ≥6 on a 9-point hedonic scale. The products were stable over a month’s study period with a mean pH of 3.9, titratable acidity of 0.6% (w/v), and Lactobacillus rhamnosus counts >108 cfu g−1. HPLC analysis of aflatoxins of the water-soluble fraction of kwete indicated that fermentation led to an over 1000-fold reduction of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 spiked in the raw ingredients. In vitro fluorescence spectroscopy confirmed binding of aflatoxin B1 to Lactobacillus rhamnosus with an efficiency of 83.5%. This study shows that fermentation is a means to enrich with probiotics and reduce widely occurring aflatoxin contamination of maize products that are consumed as staple foods in sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Natural Xilan Production From Corncobs (Zea Mays L.) With Extraction Method

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahmi Arifan
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Column Type ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Type Water ◽  
Refractive Index Detector

Corn (Zea mays L.) not only used as food by humans, however also used for animal feed and industrial materials but in part of corncobs still untapped, corncobs is a lignocellulosic material with 38,99% fiber which contain the highest xilan (12,4%) comparedwithotheragriculturalwaste.Theobjectiveofthisresearchwastogetxylan fromcorncobswithextractionmethod.Xylanextractionfromcorncobsweredoneintwo steps, firstly delignification process in NaOCl with concentration 0,5 on temperature 28∘C, solids which resulting from immersion in NaOH solution with concentration 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% for 24 hours with temperature 20, 40, and 70∘C.the resulting of filtrate were neutralized with HCL 6N, futhermore centrifuge during 30 minute with 4000 rpm. Water soluble xylan can separated with ethanol 95% with ratio supernatan and ethanol 1:3, yielding 12.9% of xylan. The solubility of xylan produced with alkali (NaOH 1%), HCl 1N, ethanol, in cold and hot water was observed. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of xylan were done using HPLC by measuring retention time. The instrumen used with HPLC Shimadzu C-R3A, C18 column type, water mobile phase, Refractive index detector with flow rate 0,8 ml/minute result showed with purity 96%.

Structure and Bioactivities of Porphyrans and Oligoporphyrans

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1163-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihua Geng ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Zhongshan Zhang ◽  
Yang Yue ◽  
Quanbin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Physical Method ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharide ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water

Background: Pyropia (Porphyra), commonly known as nori or laver, is an important food source in many parts of the world. Edible dried Pyropia contains numerous nutrients and biofunctional components, including proteins, vitamins, eicosapentaenoic acid, minerals, carotenoids, mycosporine-like amino acids, and carbohydrate, and one of the compounds which we are interested in is porphyran, a sulfated polysaccharide comprising the hot-water-soluble portion of Pyropia cell walls. Researchers have performed a large number of in-depth studies on the biological activity and potential therapeutic applications of porphyrans and oligoporphyrans. Methods: This mini review aims to provide comprehensive and update overview on the source, extraction, structure, biological activities and structure-activity relationships of porphyrans and oligoporphyrans based on the studies in the past 30 years which were included in Web of Science. Results: The structure of porphyran has been basically determined given that its straight chain is relatively simple, and the skeleton structure has been described. The extraction methods were simplified continuously, but different extraction methods and post- processing methods still had great influence on the structure and composition of porphyran, so there was no standardized extraction process which can achieve quality control until now. In order to obtain oligoporphyrans, there are a variety of degradation methods, including chemical method, physical method and enzymatic method, but it is worth mentioning that specific degradation enzyme is still unavailable. Studies on the biological and pharmacology properties include antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulation, anti-cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and drug delivery. Conclusion: Owing to the therapeutic potential and drug delivery applications, porphyran and oligoporphyrans are expected to be further developed as a medicine against human diseases, as well as a supplement in cosmetics and health products.

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