Composition of the cell wall in the stem and leaf sheath of wheat straw

2007 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 1236-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Yu ◽  
Ruigang Liu ◽  
Limei Qiu ◽  
Yong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Leaf Sheath

Cell wall ultrastructure of palm leaf fibers

IAWA Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengcheng Zhai ◽  
Yoshiki Horikawa ◽  
Tomoya Imai ◽  
Junji Sugiyama
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Cellulose Microfibrils ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Palm Leaf

The cell wall organization of leaf sheath fibers in different palm species was studied with polarized light microscopy (PLM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The secondary wall of the fibers consisted of only two layers, S1 and S2. The thickness of the S1 layer in leaf sheath fibers from the different palm species ranged from 0.31 to 0.90 μm, with a mean value of 0.57 μm, which was thicker than that of tracheids and fibers in secondary xylem of conifers and dicotyledons. The thickness of the S2 layer ranged from 0.44 to 3.43 μm, with a mean value of 1.86 μm. The ratio of S1 thickness to the whole cell wall thickness in palm fibers appears to be higher than in secondary xylem fibers and tracheids. The lignin in the fiber walls is very electron dense which makes it difficult to obtain high contrast of the different layers in the secondary wall. To clarify the cell wall layering with cellulose microfibrils in different orientations, the fibrovascular bundles of the windmill palm (Trachycarpus fortunei) were delignified with different reaction time intervals. The treated fibers were surveyed using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy analysis and TEM. The secondary fiber walls of windmill palm clearly showed only two layers at different reaction intervals with different lignin contents, even after almost all lignin was removed. We suggest that the two-layered structure in the secondary wall of palm leaf fibers, which presumably also applies to the homologous fibers in palm stems, is a specific character different from the fibers in other monocotyledons (such as bamboo and rattan) and dicot wood.

scholarly journals Cell wall and enzyme changes during the graviresponse of the leaf-sheath pulvinus of oat (Avena sativa).

1990 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
D M Gibeaut ◽  
N Karuppiah ◽  
Chang S-R ◽  
T G Brock ◽  
B Vadlamudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Enzyme Changes

scholarly journals Ultrastructure of wheat straw cell wall delignified byPleurotus ostreatus

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Schiesser ◽  
C. Filippi ◽  
A.A. Lepidi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wheat Straw

Diverse cell wall composition and varied biomass digestibility in wheat straw for bioenergy feedstock

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 347-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiliang Wu ◽  
Huanhuan Hao ◽  
Zahoor ◽  
Yuanyuan Tu ◽  
Zheng Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Cell Wall Composition ◽  
Bioenergy Feedstock

Extractability and digestibility of plant cell wall polysaccharides during hydrothermal and enzymatic degradation of wheat straw (Triticum aestivum L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mads A.T. Hansen ◽  
Louise I. Ahl ◽  
Henriette L. Pedersen ◽  
Bjørge Westereng ◽  
William G.T. Willats ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides

scholarly journals Biochemical characterization of wheat straw cell wall with special reference to bioactive profile

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1303-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabussam Tufail ◽  
Farhan Saeed ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Muhammad Umair Arshad ◽  
Faqir Muhammad Anjum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Biochemical Characterization

scholarly journals Assembly of Xylanases into Designer Cellulosomes Promotes Efficient Hydrolysis of the Xylan Component of a Natural Recalcitrant Cellulosic Substrate

mBio ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Moraïs ◽  
Yoav Barak ◽  
Yitzhak Hadar ◽  
David B. Wilson ◽  
Yuval Shoham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
Cellulosic Biomass ◽  
Thermobifida Fusca ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Designer Cellulosome

ABSTRACTIn nature, the complex composition and structure of the plant cell wall pose a barrier to enzymatic degradation. Nevertheless, some anaerobic bacteria have evolved for this purpose an intriguing, highly efficient multienzyme complex, the cellulosome, which contains numerous cellulases and hemicellulases. The rod-like cellulose component of the plant cell wall is embedded in a colloidal blend of hemicelluloses, a major component of which is xylan. In order to enhance enzymatic degradation of the xylan component of a natural complex substrate (wheat straw) and to study the synergistic action among different xylanases, we have employed a variation of the designer cellulosome approach by fabricating a tetravalent complex that includes the three endoxylanases ofThermobifida fusca(Xyn10A, Xyn10B, and Xyn11A) and an Xyl43A β-xylosidase from the same bacterium. Here, we describe the conversion of Xyn10A and Xyl43A to the cellulosomal mode. The incorporation of the Xyl43A enzyme together with the three endoxylanases into a common designer cellulosome served to enhance the level of reducing sugars produced during wheat straw degradation. The enhanced synergistic action of the four xylanases reflected their immediate juxtaposition in the complex, and these tetravalent xylanolytic designer cellulosomes succeeded in degrading significant (~25%) levels of the total xylan component of the wheat straw substrate. The results suggest that the incorporation of xylanases into cellulosome complexes is advantageous for efficient decomposition of recalcitrant cellulosic substrates—a distinction previously reserved for cellulose-degrading enzymes.IMPORTANCEXylanases are important enzymes for our society, due to their variety of industrial applications. Together with cellulases and other glycoside hydrolases, xylanases may also provide cost-effective conversion of plant-derived cellulosic biomass into soluble sugars en route to biofuels as an alternative to fossil fuels. Xylanases are commonly found in multienzyme cellulosome complexes, produced by anaerobic bacteria, which are considered to be among the most efficient systems for degradation of cellulosic biomass. Using a designer cellulosome approach, we have incorporated the entire xylanolytic system of the bacteriumThermobifida fuscainto defined artificial cellulosome complexes. The combined action of these designer cellulosomes versus that of the wild-type free xylanase system was then compared. Our data demonstrated that xylanolytic designer cellulosomes displayed enhanced synergistic activities on a natural recalcitrant wheat straw substrate and could thus serve in the development of advanced systems for improved degradation of lignocellulosic material.

scholarly journals Low liquid ammonia treatment of wheat straw increased enzymatic cell wall polysaccharide degradability and decreased residual hydroxycinnamic acids

2019 ◽  
Vol 272 ◽  
pp. 288-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibaut M.B. Mouthier ◽  
Bake de Rink ◽  
Gijs van Erven ◽  
Peter de Gijsel ◽  
Henk A. Schols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Liquid Ammonia ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acids ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharide ◽  
Ammonia Treatment
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