Newly developed itaconic acid copolymers for gypsum and calcium carbonate scale control

2006 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 3206-3213 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Shakkthivel ◽  
T. Vasudevan
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Itaconic Acid ◽  
Scale Control ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Scale

Theories and Work Towards Understanding a Mysterious Case of Severe Bakken Brine Incompatibility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Spicka ◽  
Lisa Holding Eagle ◽  
Chris Longie ◽  
Kyle Dahlgren ◽  
AJ Gerbino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Bakken Formation ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Analytical Work ◽  
Dissolved Ions ◽  
High Alkalinity ◽  
Scale Control ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Scale ◽  
Scale Deposits ◽  
Production Tubing

Abstract The Bakken formation is well known for producing brine very high in total dissolved solids (TDS). Halite, calcium carbonate, and barium sulfate scales all can pose substantial production challenges. Trademarks of Bakken produced brine include elevated concentrations of sodium (>90,000 mg/L), chloride (>200,000 mg/L), and calcium (>30,000 mg/L), contrasted against low concentration of bicarbonate (50-500 mg/L). In the past 3 years, operators have experienced unexpected instances of severe calcium carbonate scale on surface where produced fluids from the production tubing commingled with the gas produced up the casing. Initially treated as one-off scale deposits despite the application of scale inhibitor, acid remediation jobs or surface line replacement were typical solutions. As time has passed, this issue has become more and more prevalent across the Bakken. Investigation of this surface issue discovered a most unexpected culprit: a low TDS, high alkalinity brine (up to 92,000 mg/L alkalinity measured to date) produced up the casing with the gas. When mixing with the high calcium brine typically produced in the Bakken, the resulting incompatibility posed remarkable scale control challenges. The uniqueness of this challenge required thorough analytical work to confirm the species and concentrations of the dissolved ions in the brine produced with the gas. Scale control products were tested to evaluate their abilities and limitations regarding adequate control of this massive incompatibility. The theory that corrosion contributed to this situation has been supported by a unique modelling approach. Once corrosion was identified as the likely source of the high alkalinity brine, corrosion programs were instituted to help address the surface scaling. This paper highlights the evaluations conducted to fully grasp the severity of the incompatibility, the theories put forth to date, work conducted to try to replicate the phenomena in the lab and in models, and chemical programs used in the field to address corrosion and scale. While not known to exist in other oilfield basins, conventional or unconventional, this discovery may have implications for the broader industry if similar situations occur. The possible explanations for why this may be happening may have implications for scale control, asset integrity, and potentially even the methods by which wells are produced.

Calcium carbonate scale control, effect of material and inhibitors

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Macadam ◽  
S.A. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Copper Surface ◽  
Scale Formation ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Precipitation ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Scale Control ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Scale

This paper focuses on developing a reproducible method for reducing calcium carbonate scale formation on heated surfaces where scaling can cause serious problems. It is known that calcium carbonate precipitation is sensitive to impurity ions, such as iron and zinc, even at trace concentration levels. In this paper two sets of experiments are reported. The first experiments were undertaken to investigate the effect of zinc, copper and iron dosing on CaCO3 nucleation and precipitation. Results from the experiments showed that the most effective inhibitor of CaCO3 precipitation was zinc and the effect was linked to dose levels and temperature. Copper and iron had little effect on precipitation in the dose range investigated. The second trial was undertaken to translate the precipitation data to scale formation. These tests were undertaken at 70°C. 5 mg.L-1 zinc dose reduced the scale formation by 35%. The effect of iron on calcium carbonate scaling rate was not significant. The physical nature of the material on which the scale is formed also influences the scaling. The scaling experiment was also used to investigate the effect of different surface material (stainless steel, copper and aluminium) on CaCO3 scale formation. Copper surface scaled the most.

Effect of Ion Migration of Multiple Copper-Zinc Alloy on the Crystal Structure of Calcium Carbonate Scale

2010 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Ding ◽  
Jun Ping Meng ◽  
Xu Hong Zhang ◽  
Li Juan Wang ◽  
Qing Guo Tang
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Zinc Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Zinc Alloy ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Ion Migration ◽  
Heat Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Scale

Multiple copper-zinc alloy was used to treat water in order to restrict the formation of hard scale during heating process. Trace amounts of metal ions were dissolved from the alloy under the action of tiny battery corrosion, which took part in the crystallization of calcium carbonate crystal. The ion migration rules and its effect on the crystal structure of water scale were studied. The ICP test results show that after immersion in the water for 20 min, the zinc ion concentration increased to 0.35 mg•L-1 compared with contrast group. The simulating experiment of the scale crystal growth demonstrated that the calcium carbonate scale after treated with the alloy showed a transformation from calcite to aragonite, and the ratio of calcite to aragonite changed from 1:0.125 to 1:2.30. Meanwhile, the heat transfer efficiency was increased to 2.19%.

Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of the IA / SAS Copolymer

2013 ◽  
Vol 423-426 ◽  
pp. 404-407
Author(s):  
Zhen Fa Liu ◽  
Hao Lin Fu ◽  
Li Hui Zhang ◽  
Yan He Zhang ◽  
Xuan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Itaconic Acid ◽  
Inhibition Rate ◽  
Biodegradation Rate ◽  
Scale Inhibition ◽  
Good Scale

A copolymer was prepared from itaconic acid (IA) and sodium allysulfonate (SAS). The structure of the IA/SAS copolymer was characterized by the means of FTIR. The performances of scale inhibition, dispersion and biodegradability of the IA/SAS copolymer were studied. The results showed that the IA/SAS copolymer had good scale inhibition and dispersing performance. The scale inhibition rate on calcium carbonate was 93% when the copolymer was 20 mg·L-1. The scale inhibition rate on calcium phosphate was 92% when the copolymer was 24 mg·L-1. The copolymer had good biodegradation performance and biodegradation rate could reach 69.5% after 28 days.

scholarly journals The effect of DTPA on calcium carbonate scale deposition on copper and aluminium surfaces

Heliyon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e03506
Author(s):  
K. Palanisamy ◽  
K. Sanjiv Raj ◽  
S. Bhuvaneswari ◽  
M. Rajasekaran ◽  
V.K. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Scale ◽  
Scale Deposition

Correlating Calcium Carbonate Scale Risk with Field Experience Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari Ramstad ◽  
Kristian Sandengen ◽  
Anthony Frank Mitchell ◽  
Erlend Moldrheim
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Field Experience ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Scale
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