The thermo-oxidative degradation of phenol–formaldehyde polycondensates: Thermogravimetric and elemental composition studies of char formation

1965 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2799-2810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard W. Lochte ◽  
Eric L. Strauss ◽  
Robert T. Conley
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Composition Studies ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Char Formation ◽  
Thermo Oxidative Degradation

Microstructure and Oxidation Resistance of Muscovite-Glass Frits Loaded High Silica Cloth/Boron-Containing Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin-Based Ceramifying Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Yan Qin ◽  
Jie Ding ◽  
Zhi Xiong Huang ◽  
Qi Lin Mei ◽  
Zhi Long Rao
Keyword(s):  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mullite Ceramic ◽  
Muscovite Mica ◽  
Fiberglass Fabric ◽  
High Silica ◽  
Thermo Oxidative Degradation

The boron-containing phenol-formaldehyde resin-based ceramifying composites that used muscovite mica and glass frits loaded boron-containing phenol-formaldehyde resin (BPF) as matrix, high silica fiberglass fabric as reinforcements, were pyrolyzed into ceramic gradually in the air. Glass frits were fused into liquid phase and spread to the surface to make muscovite mica form compact mullite ceramic shell. The shell restrained oxygen into the internal effectively in order to reduce the thermo-oxidative degradation of BPF resin. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) showed that aluminium borate (Al8B4O33) and mullite (Al6Si2O13) crystalline phases after pyrolysis. SEM demonstrated the ceramifying progress of the microstructure of the composites, and EDS analyzed the micro-chemical composition.

Thermo-oxidative degradation of polyethylene—III

1977 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 483-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Holmström ◽  
Arne Andersson ◽  
Ealing M. Sörvik
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Thermo Oxidative Degradation

KINETIC MODEL FOR THERMAL DEHYDROCHLORINATION OF CHLORINATED NATURAL RUBBER WITH DIFFERENT CHLORINE CONTENT

2014 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-382
Author(s):  
Jing Chen ◽  
Lanzhen He ◽  
Yasheng Chen ◽  
Jieping Zhong ◽  
Canzhong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Chlorine Content ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Novel Model ◽  
Derivative Thermogravimetry ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Thermo Oxidative Degradation

ABSTRACT A novel model for calculating dehydrochlorination kinetics at a lower temperature of chlorinated natural rubber (CNR) is presented. It has been observed that dehydrochlorination is complex and involves three different stages. A model that accounts for dehydrochlorination at lower temperature is proposed. The kinetic parameters are obtained from dehydrochlorination experiments at 60–90 °C. The results of the kinetic calculation show that the apparent activation energy decreases with an increment of chlorine content. Higher chlorine content CNR makes it easier to remove hydrochloric acid when heated, but its dehydrochlorination rate affected by temperature is significantly less than that of the sample with a lower chlorine content. The thermogravimetric/derivative thermogravimetry results show that the beginning temperature of thermo-oxidative degradation rises with the increment of chlorine content. During the heating process, the higher chlorine content CNR is more stable than the lower one. The results suggest the storage conditions and basis for selection of appropriate temperature for the preparation of CNR from latex.

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