Prebiotically Plausible RNA Activation Compatible with Ribozyme‐Catalyzed Ligation

Soluble Laminin and Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic Acid Containing Peptides Differentially Regulate Type IV Collagenase Messenger RNA, Activation, and Localization in Testicular Cell Culture

Biology of Reproduction ◽

10.1095/biolreprod45.3.387 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 387-394 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Qing-Xiang Sang ◽

Erik W. Thompson ◽

Derrick Grant ◽

William G. Stetler-Stevenson ◽

Stephen W. Byers

Keyword(s):

Cell Culture ◽

Aspartic Acid ◽

Messenger Rna ◽

Testicular Cell ◽

Type Iv Collagenase ◽

Type Iv ◽

Rna Activation ◽

Arginine Glycine Aspartic Acid

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siRNA, miRNA, and shRNA: in vivo Applications

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/154405910808701109 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 87 (11) ◽

pp. 992-1003 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

P.N. Pushparaj ◽

J.J. Aarthi ◽

J. Manikandan ◽

S.D. Kumar

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Small Interfering Rnas ◽

Base Pairs ◽

Rna Molecules ◽

Rna Activation ◽

Research Findings ◽

Dental Diseases ◽

Short Hairpin Rnas ◽

Clinical Potential

RNA interference (RNAi), an accurate and potent gene-silencing method, was first experimentally documented in 1998 in Caenorhabditis elegans by Fire et al., who subsequently were awarded the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine. Subsequent RNAi studies have demonstrated the clinical potential of synthetic small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) in dental diseases, eye diseases, cancer, metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and other illnesses. siRNAs are generally from 21 to 25 base-pairs (bp) in length and have sequence-homology-driven gene-knockdown capability. RNAi offers researchers an effortless tool for investigating biological systems by selectively silencing genes. Key technical aspects—such as optimization of selectivity, stability, in vivo delivery, efficacy, and safety—need to be investigated before RNAi can become a successful therapeutic strategy. Nevertheless, this area shows a huge potential for the pharmaceutical industry around the globe. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that the small RNA molecules, either indigenously produced as microRNAs (miRNAs) or exogenously administered synthetic dsRNAs, could effectively activate a particular gene in a sequence-specific manner instead of silencing it. This novel, but still uncharacterized, phenomenon has been termed ‘RNA activation’ (RNAa). In this review, we analyze these research findings and discussed the in vivo applications of siRNAs, miRNAs, and shRNAs.

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