Herbicide Resistance in Transgenic Plants through Degradation of the Phytotoxin to Urea

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1314-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula H. Maier-Greiner ◽  
Christian B. A. Klaus ◽  
Lydia M. Estermaier ◽  
Guido R. Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Herbicide Resistance

Herbicide Resistance in Transgenic Plants Expressing a Bacterial Detoxification Gene

Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 242 (4877) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. STALKER ◽  
K. E. MCBRIDE ◽  
L. D. MALYJ
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Detoxification Gene

scholarly journals Using empirical data to model transgene dispersal

2003 ◽  
Vol 358 (1434) ◽  
pp. 1157-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Meagher ◽  
F. C. Belanger ◽  
P. R. Day
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Genetically Modified Crops ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Ecological Performance ◽  
Resistance Trait

One element of the current public debate about genetically modified crops is that gene flow from transgenic cultivars into surrounding weed populations will lead to more problematic weeds, particularly for traits such as herbicide resistance. Evolutionary biologists can inform this debate by providing accurate estimates of gene flow potential and subsequent ecological performance of resulting hybrids. We develop a model for gene flow incorporating exponential distance and directional effects to be applied to windpollinated species. This model is applied to previously published data on gene flow in experimental plots of Agrostis stolonifera L. (creeping bentgrass), which assessed gene flow from transgenic plants resistant to the herbicide glufosinate to surrounding non–transgenic plants. Our results show that although pollen dispersal can be limited in some sites, it may be extensive in others, depending on local conditions such as exposure to wind. Thus, hybridization under field conditions is likely to occur. Given the nature of the herbicide resistance trait, we regard this trait as unlikely to persist in the absence of herbicide, and suggest that the ecological consequences of such gene flow are likely to be minimal.

scholarly journals ptxD/Phi as alternative selectable marker system for genetic transformation for bio-safety concerns: a review

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11809
Author(s):  
Richard Dormatey ◽  
Chao Sun ◽  
Kazim Ali ◽  
Sajid Fiaz ◽  
Derong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Selectable Marker ◽  
Selection Marker ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Selection System ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Marker System ◽  
Selectable Marker Genes

Antibiotic and herbicide resistance genes are the most common marker genes for plant transformation to improve crop yield and food quality. However, there is public concern about the use of resistance marker genes in food crops due to the risk of potential gene flow from transgenic plants to compatible weedy relatives, leading to the possible development of “superweeds” and antibiotic resistance. Several selectable marker genes such as aph, nptII, aaC3, aadA, pat, bar, epsp and gat, which have been synthesized to generate transgenic plants by genetic transformation, have shown some limitations. These marker genes, which confer antibiotic or herbicide resistance and are introduced into crops along with economically valuable genes, have three main problems: selective agents have negative effects on plant cell proliferation and differentiation, uncertainty about the environmental effects of many selectable marker genes, and difficulty in performing recurrent transformations with the same selectable marker to pyramid desired genes. Recently, a simple, novel, and affordable method was presented for plant cells to convert non-metabolizable phosphite (Phi) to an important phosphate (Pi) for developing cells by gene expression encoding a phosphite oxidoreductase (PTXD) enzyme. The ptxD gene, in combination with a selection medium containing Phi as the sole phosphorus (P) source, can serve as an effective and efficient system for selecting transformed cells. The selection system adds nutrients to transgenic plants without potential risks to the environment. The ptxD/Phi system has been shown to be a promising transgenic selection system with several advantages in cost and safety compared to other antibiotic-based selection systems. In this review, we have summarized the development of selection markers for genetic transformation and the potential use of the ptxD/Phi scheme as an alternative selection marker system to minimize the future use of antibiotic and herbicide marker genes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Herbicide-resistant Trait Conferred by the Bar Gene Driven by Four Distinct Promoters in Transgenic Blueberry Plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Qing Song ◽  
Kenneth C. Sink ◽  
Peter W. Callow ◽  
Rebecca Baughan ◽  
James F. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Promoter Strength ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Selectable Marker Genes

Four chimeric bialaphos resistance (bar) genes driven by different promoters were evaluated for production of herbicide-resistant ‘Legacy’ blueberry plants (73.4% Vaccinium corymbosum L. and 25% Vaccinium darrowi Camp) through Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith & Towns.) Conn.-mediated transformation. When the bars were used as selectable marker genes, different promoters yielded different transformation frequencies. Three chimeric bar genes with the promoter nopaline synthase (nos), cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S, or CaMV 34S yielded transgenic plants, whereas a synthetic (Aocs)3AmasPmas promoter did not lead to successful regeneration of transgenic plants. In addition, herbicide resistance in bar-expressing plants was influenced by the promoter strength. Under controlled environmental conditions, 3-month-old plants from six single-copy transgenic events with 35S∷bar or nos∷bar, as well as those nontransgenic plants, were sprayed with herbicide glufosinate ammonium (GS) at five levels (0, 750, 1500, 3000, and 6000 mg·L−1). Evaluations on leaf damage 2 weeks after spraying indicated that all transgenic plants exhibited much higher herbicide resistance than nontransgenic plants. Additionally, the transgenic plants with the 35S∷bar showed a higher herbicide resistance than those with the nos∷bar. After application of 6000 mg·L−1 GS, over 90% of the leaves from plants with the 35S∷bar and 19.5% to 51.5% of the leaves from plants with the nos∷bar showed no symptom of herbicide damage, whereas only 5% of leaves from the nontransgenic had no damage. One-year-old, field-grown plants from four transgenic events with the nos∷bar were evaluated for herbicide resistance after spraying with 750 mg·L−1 GS. Transgenic plants survived with variations in the level of foliar damage; in contrast, all nontransgenic plants died. This study is the first investigation of different promoters for engineering transgenic blueberry plants.

Efficient production of transgenic plants using the bar gene for herbicide resistance in sweetpotato

2009 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Zang ◽  
Hong Zhai ◽  
Shang Gao ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Shaozhen He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Bar Gene

Transformation of Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) and Evaluation of Herbicide Resistance in Transgenic Plants

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen D'Halluin ◽  
Martien Bossut ◽  
Els Bonne ◽  
Barbara Mazur ◽  
Jan Leemans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Herbicide Resistance

scholarly journals Phenotypic Characterization of TransgenicMiscanthus sinensisPlants OverexpressingArabidopsisPhytochrome B

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ok-Jin Hwang ◽  
Soo-Hyun Lim ◽  
Yun-Jeong Han ◽  
Ah-Young Shin ◽  
Do-Soon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Blot Analysis ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Transformation Method ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Selection Marker ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Phytochrome B ◽  
Agricultural Performance

Phytochromes are dimeric pigment proteins with reversible photochromism between red and far-red light-absorbing forms. They are photoreceptors that regulate various aspects of plant growth and development and have been used for biotechnological applications to improve agricultural performance of crops.Miscanthusspecies have been suggested as one of the most promising energy crops. In this paper,Arabidopsisphytochrome B(PHYB)gene was introduced intoMiscanthus sinensisusingAgrobacterium-mediated transformation method that we developed recently, with the herbicide resistance gene(BAR)as a selection marker. After putative transgenic plants were selected using the herbicide resistance assay, genomic integration of the transgene was confirmed by genomic PCR and Southern blot analysis, and transgene expression was validated by Northern blot analysis. Compared to nontransformed control plants, transgenic plants overexpressingPHYBshowed phenotypes with increased phytochrome B function, which includes increased chlorophyll content, decreased plant height, and delayed flowering. Therefore, these results suggest thatArabidopsisphytochrome B is functional inM. sinensisand provide a method to developMiscanthusvarieties with enhanced agricultural performance using phytochromes.

Construction of plant expression vector and analysis of herbicide resistance and salt tolerance of transgenic tobacco

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Xian-Yan ◽  
Shan Xiao-Yi ◽  
Yang Ai-Fang ◽  
Zhang Ju-Ren
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Expression Vector ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Plant Expression ◽  
Plant Expression Vector ◽  
Herbicide Resistance Gene ◽  
Nacl Concentration

AbstractThe plant expression vector pCAMBIA1300-AtNHX1-als was constructed by inserting the herbicide resistance gene als of Arabidopsis thaliana into the plasmid pCAMBIA1300-AtNHX1, which contains the AtNHX1 gene encoding the Na+/H+ antiport from the vacuolar membrane of A. thaliana. Transgenic tobacco plants were obtained via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. PCR and Southern blot assay indicated that genes als and AtNHX1 had been integrated into the genome of the transgenic plants. The herbicide resistance and salt tolerance of transgenic plants increased by about 1000-fold and by 1.5% NaCl concentration, respectively, compared with controls. Herbicide resistance of the T1 progeny was evaluated by spraying transgenic plants with different concentrations of Luhuanglong at the four-leaf stage. Controls gradually died under 100 mg/l Luhuanglong whereas 73% of the T1 plants still survived at 500 mg/l Luhuanglong. Thus the plant expression vector pCAMBIA1300-AtNHX1-als could be used to improve the herbicide resistance and salt tolerance of crops.

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