scholarly journals Deepen the understanding and communication of animal models and experimental medicine research studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Chuan Qin
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Experimental Medicine ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
Research Studies

The Eruption Patterns of The Teeth of Nigerian Local Pigs. Part 1: Profile of Deciduous Teeth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Efeturi Okandeji ◽  
Ayodeji David Lijoka ◽  
Folusho Ayobami Atiba ◽  
James Olukayode Olopade
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Translational Research ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Translation Research ◽  
Dental Research ◽  
Dental Eruption ◽  
The Family ◽  
Local Pigs ◽  
Research Studies

Abstract Background: The pigs, domesticated about 6000 years ago, are highly prolific omnivores belonging to the Family Suidae and Order artiodactyla along with their other hooved counterparts. They qualify as models for various translational research studies (including dental studies) because of their anatomical and physiological similarities to humans. There is however a dearth of information as regards the deciduous dental eruption profile (sequence and timing of eruption) of the Nigerian local pigs (NLP). This study was designed to determine the deciduous eruption profile in the NLP to assist in the management of the breed and in a bid to making the NLP more obvious as suitable animal models in dental research. A total of 51 healthy piglets (from postnatal day 1) were used for this. Their oral cavities were examined every other day for 29 weeks for signs of dental eruption. Looking at Mandibular (Md) and Maxillar (Mx) eruptions for Incisors (I), Canines(C), Premolars (P) and Molars (M), the modular sequence in the NIP was Md/ Mx I3(at birth), C (at birth) →Md I1→Md P3→MxP3 →MxI1 → Md I2 →MdP4 →MxP4 →MxP2→ Md I2 →MxI2 . Result: It was observed that variations in eruption timing exist amongst individuals and sexes while variation in eruption sequence exists between NLP and various breeds of pigs based on the literature.Conclusion: The results of this study will be particularly important to farmers, and researchers into NLP especially those using pigs in Nigeria as a model for translation research.

Characteristics and Impact of Animal Models Used for Sports Medicine Research

Orthopedics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. e1410-e1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad A. Krueger ◽  
Joseph C. Wenke ◽  
Brendan D. Masini ◽  
Daniel J. Stinner
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Medicine Research

scholarly journals Full-disclosure in industry-sponsored laboratory medicine research studies: Statement by the Consortium of Laboratory Medicine Journal Editors

2011 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-244
Author(s):  
Nader Rifai ◽  
Mario Plebani ◽  
Alan Wu ◽  
Carlo Brugnara ◽  
Edgard Delvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Medicine ◽  
Full Disclosure ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
Journal Editors ◽  
Medicine Journal ◽  
Research Studies

scholarly journals Obesity Animal Models for Acupuncture and Related Therapy Research Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Xuwen Zhang ◽  
David Val-Laillet
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Obesity Research ◽  
The Face ◽  
Research Studies

Obesity and related diseases are considered as pandemic representing a worldwide threat for health. Animal models are critical to validate the effects and understand the mechanisms related to classical or innovative preventive and therapeutic strategies. It is, therefore, important to identify the best animal models for translational research, using different evaluation criteria such as the face, construct, and predictive validity. Because the pharmacological treatments and surgical interventions currently used for treating obesity often present many undesirable side effects, relatively high relapse probabilities, acupuncture, electroacupuncture (EA), and related therapies have gained more popularity and attention. Many kinds of experimental animal models have been used for obesity research studies, but in the context of acupuncture, most of the studies were performed in rodent obesity models. Though, are these obesity rodent models really the best for acupuncture or related therapies research studies? In this study, we review different obesity animal models that have been used over the past 10 years for acupuncture and EA research studies. We present their respective advantages, disadvantages, and specific constraints. With the development of research on acupuncture and EA and the increasing interest regarding these approaches, proper animal models are critical for preclinical studies aiming at developing future clinical trials in the human. The aim of the present study is to provide researchers with information and guidance related to the preclinical models that are currently available to investigate the outcomes of acupuncture and related therapies.

scholarly journals Preprint: Probing for Neuroadaptations to Unpredictable Stressors in Addiction: Translational Methods and Emerging Evidence

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse T Kaye ◽  
Daniel E. Bradford ◽  
Katherine Magruder ◽  
John Joseph Curtin
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Experimental Medicine ◽  
Affective Neuroscience ◽  
Affective Science ◽  
Reverse Translation ◽  
Drug Dependent ◽  
Startle Potentiation

Stressors clearly contribute to addiction etiology and relapse in humans, but our understanding of specific mechanisms remains limited. Rodent models of addiction offer the power, flexibility, and precision necessary to delineate the causal role and specific mechanisms through which stressors influence alcohol and other drug use. This review describes a program of research using startle potentiation to unpredictable stressors that is well-positioned to translate between animal models and clinical research with humans on stress neuroadaptations in addiction. This research rests on a solid foundation provided by three separate pillars of evidence from 1) rodent behavioral neuroscience on stress neuroadaptations in addiction, 2) rodent affective neuroscience science on startle potentiation, and 3) human addiction and affective science with startle potentiation. Rodent stress neuroadaptation models implicate adaptations in corticotropin-releasing factor and norepinephrine circuits within the central extended amygdala following chronic alcohol and other drug use that mediate anxious behaviors and stress-induced reinstatement among drug-dependent rodents. Basic affective neuroscience indicates that these same neural mechanisms are involved in startle potentiation to unpredictable stressors in particular (vs predictable stressors). We believe that synthesis of these evidence bases should focus us on the role of unpredictable stressors in addiction etiology and relapse. Startle potentiation in unpredictable stressor tasks is proposed to provide an attractive and flexible testbed to encourage tight translation and reverse translation between animal models and human clinical research on stress neuroadaptations. Experimental medicine approaches focused on unpredictable stressors holds high promise to identify, repurpose, or refine pharmacological and psychosocial interventions for addiction.

scholarly journals Biochemical and hematological profiles of wistar rats at the selcuk university experimental medicine research and application center

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
Bahadır Öztürk ◽  
İlhan Çiftçi ◽  
Büşra Ecer ◽  
Salih Metin Gökyaprak ◽  
Duygu Eryavuz Onmaz
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Experimental Medicine ◽  
Medicine Research

scholarly journals The Declaration of Helsinki on Medical Research involving Human Subjects: A Review of Seventh Revision

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badri Shrestha ◽  
Louese Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Experimental Medicine ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
Declaration Of Helsinki ◽  
The World ◽  
Post Trial

The pinnacle of success achieved by the medical science and the benefits accrued to the patients have become possible through the medical research where human participants in the research are exposed to hazards inherent to the experiments. To protect the human subjects and to maintain high ethical standards, the World Medical Association has adopted “The Declaration of Helsinki” in 1964. After two years of consultation with the experts throughout the world, the seventh revision of the Declaration was adopted on 19th October 2013 in Brazil. The aim of this article is to review the seventh revision of the Declaration of Helsinki in relation to medical research involving human subjects and highlight the amendments made in the latest revision which are relevant to clinical research in human subjects. The latest revision has made four substantial changes on the existing Declaration, whch include dealing with the compensation of the trial-related injuries, approval of use of placebos in the clinical trials, protection of vulnerable groups and the post-trial provisions. The implications of these amendments in the clinical research are highlighted.Keywords: Consent; Declaration of Helsinki; ethics; experimental medicine; research; seventh revision.

Sports Medicine Research Practices for Categorizing Transgender and/or Intersex Participants

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Valerie W. Herzog ◽  
Alysia Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Athletic Training ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Research Participant ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Published Research ◽  
Leading Journals ◽  
Research Studies

Context: Approximately 1 to 1.4 million individuals (0.58% of the population) in the United States identify as transgender, yet no literature could be found regarding how researchers should adapt clinical research studies when intersex or transgender individuals volunteer as participants. Therefore, the objective was to determine if there is a consensus among recently published researchers in 3 athletic training and sports medicine journals regarding procedures used to categorize participants and data of transgender or intersex individuals in a research study. Methods: The authors developed a 14-item survey using Qualtrics XM to assess how researchers categorize individuals and their data when intersex or transgender individuals volunteer to participate in clinical research studies that are not intended to focus on intersex or transgender individuals. The survey was sent to 378 individuals in athletic training and related fields who recently published research manuscripts from 2018 to 2020 in one or more of 3 leading journals in the field including the Journal of Athletic Training, the Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, and the Athletic Training and Sports Health Care Journal. Results: A total of 82 respondents completed the survey, yielding a response rate of 21.69%. When categorizing research participants who were not using hormones or surgery to transition, several respondents were unsure how to categorize transgender individuals (n = 14, 17.1%) or intersex individuals (n = 35, 42.7%). If the research participant was using hormones and/or surgery to transition, many respondents were unsure how to categorize the sex of the individual (n = 27, 32.9%). Only 5 (6.1%) respondents indicated that their organization has policies that guide their inclusion of transgender and/or intersex individuals in research studies. Conclusions: There does not appear to be consensus among researchers who recently published in athletic training and sports medicine journals regarding how to categorize transgender and intersex individuals who volunteer to participate in research studies.

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