scholarly journals Optimization of food deprivation and sucrose preference test in SD rat model undergoing chronic unpredictable mild stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
Li‐Wen He ◽  
Li Zeng ◽  
Na Tian ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Tong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Sucrose Preference ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Sd Rat ◽  
Sucrose Preference Test

scholarly journals Escitalopram Targets Oxidative Stress, Caspase-3, BDNF and MeCP2 in the Hippocampus and Frontal Cortex of a Rat Model of Depression Induced by Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7483
Author(s):  
Vlad Dionisie ◽  
Adela Magdalena Ciobanu ◽  
Vlad Alexandru Toma ◽  
Mihnea Costin Manea ◽  
Ioana Baldea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Sucrose Preference ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Sucrose Preference Test

In recent years, escitalopram (ESC) has been suggested to have different mechanisms of action beyond its well known selective serotonin reuptake inhibition. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of escitalopram on oxidative stress, apoptosis, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2), and oligodendrocytes number in the brain of chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressed rats. The animals were randomised in four groups (8 in each group): control, stress, stress + ESC 5 and stress + ESC 5/10. ESC was administered for 42 days in a fixed dose (5 mg/kg b.w.) or in an up-titration regimen (21 days ESC 5 mg/kg b.w. then 21 days ESC 10 mg/kg b.w.). Sucrose preference test (SPT) and elevated plus maze (EPM) were also performed. ESC improved the percentage of sucrose preference, locomotion and anxiety. ESC5/10 reduced the oxidative damage in the hippocampus and improved the antioxidant defence in the hippocampus and frontal lobe. ESC5/10 lowered caspase 3 activity in the hippocampus. Escitalopram had a modulatory effect on BDNF and the number of oligodendrocytes in the hippocampus and frontal lobe and also improved the MeCP2 expressions. The results confirm the multiple pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of depression and suggest that escitalopram exerts an antidepressant effect via different intricate mechanisms.

scholarly journals Effect of Electroacupuncture on Reuptake of Serotonin via miRNA-16 Expression in a Rat Model of Depression

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Huiling Tian ◽  
Hongtao Song ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Tong Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Exploratory Behavior ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Sucrose Preference ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Antidepressant Effects

The current study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) treatment applied to Bai hui (GV20) and Yin tang (GV29) acupoints (1 mA, 2 Hz, continuous wave, 20 minutes) for 28 days in a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) on reuptake of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)) and miRNA-16 levels in the hippocampus and serum. Rats were housed in individual cages, and CUMS was used to establish a rat model of depression. After EA treatment for 4 weeks, behavioral changes and indices including 5-HT transporter (SERT), 5-HT, and miRNA-16 levels in the hippocampus and serum were examined. The EA treatment significantly improved base levels of sucrose preference and exploratory behavior and significantly decreased SERT protein and mRNA expression in the hippocampus of depressed rats. Significantly increased 5-HT levels were observed, and miRNA-16 levels were significantly decreased in the hippocampus and serum of depressed rats. In conclusion, the antidepressant effects of EA treatment may be affected via inhibition of 5-HT reuptake, upregulation of 5-HT levels, and inhibition of miRNA-16 expression in the hippocampus and serum.

scholarly journals The Antidepressant Effect ofAngelica sinensisExtracts on Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Depression Is Mediated via the Upregulation of the BDNF Signaling Pathway in Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Shen ◽  
Junjian Zhang ◽  
Min Deng ◽  
Yue Liu ◽  
Yuan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Camp Response Element Binding ◽  
Sucrose Preference ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Force Swim Test ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine ◽  
Bdnf Signaling

Angelica sinensis(AS), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has pharmaceutical effects on menstrual illness, cerebrovascular diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cognitive impairments. However, until recently, few studies had explored its antidepressant effect. The current study attempts to investigate the effect of AS extracts on chronic unpredictable mild stress- (CUMS-) induced depression in rats. Male SD rats were exposed to a CUMS-inducing procedure for 5 weeks, resulting in rodent depressive behaviors that included reduced sucrose consumption and lessened sucrose preference ratios in sucrose preference test, prolonged immobility times and decreased struggling time in force swim test, and decreased locomotor activity in open field test. Moreover, the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the phosphorylation of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK 1/2) were markedly decreased in the hippocampus in depressed rats. However, chronically treating the depressed rats with AS (1 g/kg) normalized their depression-related behaviors and molecular profiles. In conclusion, in the present study, we show that AS extracts exerted antidepressant effects that were mediated by the BDNF signaling pathway: in AS-treated depressed rats, the expression of the BDNF protein and the phosphorylation of its downstream targets (ERK 1/2, CREB) were upregulated in the hippocampus.

scholarly journals ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE ACTIVITY OF TRANS-ANETHOLE IN UNSTRESSED MICE AND STRESSED MICE

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
DINESH DHINGRA ◽  
SUDHA
Keyword(s):  
Preference Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase A ◽  
Sucrose Preference ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Mao A ◽  
Sucrose Preference Test ◽  
Plasma Nitrite

Objectives: The present study was undertaken to investigate the antidepressant potential of trans-anethole in unstressed and stressed male mice. Methods: Swiss albino male mice were exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress for 21 successive days. Simultaneously, trans-anethole (12.5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, and 50 mg/kg) and fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) per se were administered for 21 successive days to separate groups of unstressed and stressed mice. The effect of drugs on depressive-like behavior of mice was tested by tail suspension test (TST) and sucrose preference test. Results: Trans-anethole (25 mg/kg) and fluoxetine significantly decreased the immobility period of unstressed and stressed mice in TST as compared to their respective control. These drugs significantly restored the reduced sucrose preference (%) in stressed mice. Trans-anethole did not show any significant effect on locomotor activity of mice. Antidepressant-like activity of trans-anethole (25 mg/kg) was found to be comparable to fluoxetine. Trans-anethole and fluoxetine significantly inhibited brain monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) activity, decreased plasma nitrite, brain malondialdehyde, and increased brain reduced glutathione levels and catalase activity in unstressed and stressed mice. The drugs significantly reversed stress-induced increase in plasma corticosterone levels. Conclusion: Trans-anethole produced significant antidepressant-like activity in unstressed and stressed mice, possibly through inhibition of brain MAO-A activity and alleviation of oxidative stress. Reversal of stress-induced increase in plasma corticosterone levels might also be responsible for antidepressant-like activity of trans-anethole in stressed mice.

scholarly journals Crassifoside H ameliorates depressant behavior in chronic unpredictable mild stress rats by improving HPA axis dysfunction and inhibiting inflammation in hippocampus

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1693-1699
Author(s):  
Huina Li ◽  
Kefan Wu ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Ning Li ◽  
Kaijin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Sucrose Preference Test

Purpose: To investigate the antidepressant mechanism of action of Crassifoside H (CH) from the rhizomes of Curculigo glabrescens (Hypoxidaceae) in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced rats.Methods: CUMS-induced rat depressant model was established. Behavioral tests, viz, sucrose preference test (SPT), open field test (OFT) and forced swimming test (FST) were applied to assess the antidepressant effect of CH. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess thelevels of corticosterone (CORT), TNF-α and IL-1β in serum. Protein expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β and NLRP3 in rat hippocampus were determined by Western blot.Results: Crassifoside H significantly ameliorated CUMS-induced depressant-like behavior as the serum CORT level of CUMS rats. CH remarkably decreased TNF-α and IL-1β levels in serum and hippocampus of CUMS rats. Moreover, Crassifoside H significantly inhibited NLRP3 activation inhippocampus.Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that Crassifoside H has antidepressant effect on CUMS rats. The mechanism of action of CH may be at least partly due to the improvement of hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction by decreasing serum CORT. These findings suggest that Crassifoside H has a therapeutic potential for the management of depression. Keywords: Crassifoside H, Antidepression, Curculigo glabrescens, Hypoxidaceae, Hypothalamicpituitary- adrenal axis, Inflammation, Corticosterone

scholarly journals ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE ACTIVITY OF FLOWERS OF TECOMELLA UNDULATA IN MICE SUBJECTED TO CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE MILD STRESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Dinesh Dhingra ◽  
Deepak Deepak
Keyword(s):  
Young Male ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Sucrose Preference ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Tecomella Undulata ◽  
Plasma Nitrite

Objective: Flowers of Tecomella undulata have been reported to be a rich source of flavonoids such as rutin and quercetin. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of ethanol extract of flowers of T. undulata on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression in Swiss young male albino mice.Methods: The mice were subjected to CUMS for 21 successive days. Ethanol extract of the flowers (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) and fluoxetine (20 mg/kg, p.o.) per se was administered for 21 successive days to separate groups of unstressed and stressed mice. Tail suspension test (TST) and sucrose preference test were used to evaluate the effect of the extract on depression-like behavior in mice.Results: Extract of flowers of T. undulata (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly decreased immobility period of stressed mice in TST, indicating significant antidepressant-like activity of the extract. Stress-induced reduced sucrose preference was significantly restored by the extract. There was no significant effect on locomotor activity of mice by the extract and fluoxetine. The extract significantly reversed stress-induced increase in brain malondialdehyde levels; plasma nitrite and corticosterone levels; and also significantly reversed the stress-induced decrease in reduced glutathione and catalase levels. There was no significant effect of the extract on brain MAO-A activity in both unstressed and stressed mice.Conclusion: These results indicated that ethanol extract of flowers of T. undulata showed significant antidepressant-like activity in mice subjected to CUMS, probably through alleviation of oxidative stress and decrease in plasma corticosterone levels.

scholarly journals The Antidepressant-Like Effects of Shen Yuan in a Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Rat Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Jiang ◽  
Haixia Wang ◽  
Hong Huang ◽  
Jingwei Lv ◽  
Guirong Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Oxidative Markers ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Polygala Tenuifolia ◽  
Sucrose Preference Test

Depression is a common yet severe neuropsychiatric condition that causes imposes considerable personal, economic, and social burdens worldwide. Medicinal plant species (e.g., Panax ginseng and Polygala tenuifolia) demonstrate potent antidepressant-like effects with less toxicity and other side effects. Shen yuan prescription (SY), composed of Panax ginseng (GT) and Polygala tenuifolia (YT). The present study aimed to elucidate the effects of SY treatment on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats and study the underlying mechanism. Our results indicated that SY (67.5, 135, or 270 mg/kg) significantly reverses the depressive-like behaviors in rats with a 5-week CUMS exposure, as demonstrated by increased sucrose consumption in the sucrose preference test, and decreased immobility time in the tail suspension and forced swim test. Moreover, SY altered serum corticosterone levels, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α), and oxidative markers (SOD, CAT, and MDA), and increased the levels of hippocampal neurotransmitters (5-HT, DA, and NE) in rats exposed to CUMS. Furthermore, rats treated with SY showed a reduction in the protein expression of BDNF, p-TrkB, p-Akt, and p-mTOR proteins induced by CUMS exposure in the hippocampus. In conclusion, SY prevented depressive-like behaviors in CUMS-exposed rats by preventing hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction, decreasing the levels of the neurotransmitters, minimizing oxidative stress, suppressing neuroinflammation, and activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR-mediated BDNF/TrkB pathway, all of which are the key players in the pathological basis of depression.

scholarly journals ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE ACTIVITY OF FLOWERS OF TECOMELLA UNDULATA IN MICE SUBJECTED TO CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE MILD STRESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Dinesh Dhingra ◽  
Deepak Deepak
Keyword(s):  
Young Male ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Sucrose Preference ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Tecomella Undulata ◽  
Plasma Nitrite

Objective: Flowers of Tecomella undulata have been reported to be a rich source of flavonoids such as rutin and quercetin. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of ethanol extract of flowers of T. undulata on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression in Swiss young male albino mice.Methods: The mice were subjected to CUMS for 21 successive days. Ethanol extract of the flowers (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) and fluoxetine (20 mg/kg, p.o.) per se was administered for 21 successive days to separate groups of unstressed and stressed mice. Tail suspension test (TST) and sucrose preference test were used to evaluate the effect of the extract on depression-like behavior in mice.Results: Extract of flowers of T. undulata (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly decreased immobility period of stressed mice in TST, indicating significant antidepressant-like activity of the extract. Stress-induced reduced sucrose preference was significantly restored by the extract. There was no significant effect on locomotor activity of mice by the extract and fluoxetine. The extract significantly reversed stress-induced increase in brain malondialdehyde levels; plasma nitrite and corticosterone levels; and also significantly reversed the stress-induced decrease in reduced glutathione and catalase levels. There was no significant effect of the extract on brain MAO-A activity in both unstressed and stressed mice.Conclusion: These results indicated that ethanol extract of flowers of T. undulata showed significant antidepressant-like activity in mice subjected to CUMS, probably through alleviation of oxidative stress and decrease in plasma corticosterone levels.

scholarly journals An experimental study to evaluate the role of aspirin and metformin in prevention of depression in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
Alisha Abbas ◽  
Narendra Kumar ◽  
Sarvesh Singh ◽  
Rahul Kumar ◽  
Akhlaque Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Sucrose Preference ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Neurotransmitter System ◽  
Treatment Focus ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Sucrose Preference Test

Background: Depression was seen to be associated with an increased level of inflammatory biomarkers along with the disturbance in the monoamine neurotransmitter system. Current therapies are mostly focussed on the neurotransmitters imbalance but due to increasing cases of treatment failure there is a need to shift our treatment focus to other potential therapies. This study aimed to evaluate the preventive role of aspirin and metformin in stress induced model of depression in wistar rats.Methods: Fifty four wistar rats were randomly divided into nine groups as normal control, experimental control, aspirin (30 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg), metformin (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg), two combination groups and imipramine (15 mg/kg). Depression model was created by the induction of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for consecutive 28 days. Behavioural assessment was done by evaluating immobility time in forced swim test (FST) and sucrose preference ratio (SPR) in sucrose preference test. The data were analysed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test using SPSS software. P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: The CUMS led to an increase in immobility time and decrease in SPR. Aspirin and Metformin alone and their combinations showed statistically significant response in preventing the immobility time to increase (p<0.001) and SPR to decrease (p<0.001). However the response of Aspirin was comparable with Imipramine but the response of Metformin was not as significant as of Imipramine (p>0.05).Conclusions: Aspirin and metformin might have a potential role in the prevention of depression.

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