scholarly journals Longitudinal change in cortical thickness and hippocampal volume predicts cognitive decline

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (S5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gengsheng Chen ◽  
Nicole Sarah McKay ◽  
Brian A. Gordon ◽  
Jingxia Liu ◽  
Aylin Dincer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Longitudinal Change

The Effects of Mean of Visit-to-Visit Blood Pressure on Incident Brain Vascular Lesions and Functional-Cognitive Decline

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Bibek Gyanwali ◽  
Celestine Xue Ting Cai ◽  
Christopher Chen ◽  
Henri Vrooman ◽  
Chuen Seng Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Intracranial Stenosis ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Volume Functional ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Mean

Background: Cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) is an underlying cause of cognitive impairment and dementia. Hypertension is a known risk factor of CeVD, but the effects of mean of visit-to-visit blood pressure (BP) on incident CeVD and functional-cognitive decline remains unclear. Objective: To determine the association between mean of visit-to-visit BP with the incidence and progression of CeVD [white matter hyperintensities (WMH), infarcts (cortical infarcts and lacunes), cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), intracranial stenosis, and hippocampal volume] as well as functional-cognitive decline over 2 years of follow-up. Methods: 373 patients from a memory-clinic underwent BP measurements at baseline, year 1, and year 2. The mean of visit-to-visit systolic BP, diastolic BP, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure were calculated. Baseline and year 2 MRI scans were graded for WMH, infarcts, CMBs, intracranial stenosis, and hippocampal volume. Functional-cognitive decline was assessed using locally validated protocol. Logistic and linear regression models with odds ratios, mean difference, and 95%confidence interval were constructed to analyze associations of visit-to-visit BP on CeVD incidence and progression as well as functional-cognitive decline. Results: Higher mean of visit-to-visit diastolic BP was associated with WMH progression. Higher tertiles of diastolic BP was associated with WMH progression and incident CMBs. There was no association between mean of visit-to-visit BP measures with incident cerebral infarcts, intracranial stenosis, change in hippocampal volume, and functional-cognitive decline. Conclusion: These findings suggest the possibility of hypertension-related vascular brain damage. Careful monitoring and management of BP in elderly patients is essential to reduce the incidence and progression of CeVD.

scholarly journals Cognitive reserve in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): a population-based longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
pp. jnnp-2020-324992
Author(s):  
Emmet Costello ◽  
James Rooney ◽  
Marta Pinto-Grau ◽  
Tom Burke ◽  
Marwa Elamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

BackgroundAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is often associated with cognitive and/or behavioural impairment. Cognitive reserve (CR) may play a protective role in offsetting cognitive impairment. This study examined the relationship between CR and longitudinal change in cognition in an Irish ALS cohort.MethodsLongitudinal neuropsychological assessment was carried out on 189 patients over 16 months using the Edinburgh cognitive and behavioural ALS screen (ECAS) and an additional battery of neuropsychological tests. CR was measured by combining education, occupation and physical activity data. Joint longitudinal and time-to-event models were fitted to investigate the associations between CR, performance at baseline and decline over time while controlling for non-random drop-out.ResultsCR was a significant predictor of baseline neuropsychological performance, with high CR patients performing better than those with medium or low CR. Better cognitive performance in high CR individuals was maintained longitudinally for ECAS, social cognition, executive functioning and confrontational naming. Patients displayed little cognitive decline over the course of the study, despite controlling for non-random drop-out.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that CR plays a role in the presentation of cognitive impairment at diagnosis but is not protective against cognitive decline. However, further research is needed to examine the interaction between CR and other objective correlates of cognitive impairment in ALS.

Elevated basal cortisol level predicts lower hippocampal volume and cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1283-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Wei Huang ◽  
Chun-Chung Lui ◽  
Weng-Neng Chang ◽  
Cheng-Hsien Lu ◽  
Ya-Ling Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Basal Cortisol ◽  
Basal Cortisol Level

scholarly journals Amyloid‐ β , cortical thickness, and subsequent cognitive decline in cognitively normal oldest‐old

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-358
Author(s):  
Wiesje Pelkmans ◽  
Nienke Legdeur ◽  
Mara Kate ◽  
Frederik Barkhof ◽  
Maqsood M. Yaqub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Cognitively Normal

scholarly journals The Effects of Longitudinal White Matter Hyperintensity Change on Cognitive Decline and Cortical Thinning over Three Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2663
Author(s):  
Seung Joo Kim ◽  
Dong Kyun Lee ◽  
Young Kyoung Jang ◽  
Hyemin Jang ◽  
Si Eun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Cortical Thinning ◽  
Automated Method

White matter hyperintensity (WMH) has been recognised as a surrogate marker of small vessel disease and is associated with cognitive impairment. We investigated the dynamic change in WMH in patients with severe WMH at baseline, and the effects of longitudinal change of WMH volume on cognitive decline and cortical thinning. Eighty-seven patients with subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment were prospectively recruited from a single referral centre. All of the patients were followed up with annual neuropsychological tests and 3T brain magnetic resonance imaging. The WMH volume was quantified using an automated method and the cortical thickness was measured using surface-based methods. Participants were classified into WMH progression and WMH regression groups based on the delta WMH volume between the baseline and the last follow-up. To investigate the effects of longitudinal change in WMH volume on cognitive decline and cortical thinning, a linear mixed effects model was used. Seventy patients showed WMH progression and 17 showed WMH regression over a three-year period. The WMH progression group showed more rapid cortical thinning in widespread regions compared with the WMH regression group. However, the rate of cognitive decline in language, visuospatial function, memory and executive function, and general cognitive function was not different between the two groups. The results of this study indicated that WMH volume changes are dynamic and WMH progression is associated with more rapid cortical thinning.

scholarly journals Structural Analysis of Brain Hub Region Volume and Cortical Thickness in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Nauris Zdanovskis ◽  
Ardis Platkājis ◽  
Andrejs Kostiks ◽  
Guntis Karelis
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Hippocampus Volume

Background and Objectives: A complex network of axonal pathways interlinks the human brain cortex. Brain networks are not distributed evenly, and brain regions making more connections with other parts are defined as brain hubs. Our objective was to analyze brain hub region volume and cortical thickness and determine the association with cognitive assessment scores in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included 11 patients (5 mild cognitive impairment; 6 dementia). All patients underwent neurological examination, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test scores were recorded. Scans with a 3T MRI scanner were done, and cortical thickness and volumetric data were acquired using Freesurfer 7.1.0 software. Results: By analyzing differences between the MCI and dementia groups, MCI patients had higher hippocampal volumes (p < 0.05) and left entorhinal cortex thickness (p < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between MoCA test scores and left hippocampus volume (r = 0.767, p < 0.01), right hippocampus volume (r = 0.785, p < 0.01), right precuneus cortical thickness (r = 0.648, p < 0.05), left entorhinal cortex thickness (r = 0.767, p < 0.01), and right entorhinal cortex thickness (r = 0.612, p < 0.05). Conclusions: In our study, hippocampal volume and entorhinal cortex showed significant differences in the MCI and dementia patient groups. Additionally, we found a statistically significant positive correlation between MoCA scores, hippocampal volume, entorhinal cortex thickness, and right precuneus. Although other brain hub regions did not show statistically significant differences, there should be additional research to evaluate the brain hub region association with MCI and dementia.

P2-342: Thinner Cortical Thickness in Patients with Subjective Cognitive Decline is Related to Poor Memory Performance and Faster Decline of Executive Function

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. P774-P774
Author(s):  
Sander C.J. Verfaillie ◽  
Rosalinde E.R. Slot ◽  
Betty M. Tijms ◽  
Femke H. Bouwman ◽  
Marije Benedictus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Poor Memory

IC-P-138: High CSF TAU is Related to Reduced Hippocampal Volume and Subjective Cognitive Decline in Healthy Elderly With Amyloid Pathology

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. P102-P103
Author(s):  
Alexa Pichet Binette ◽  
Jacob W. Vogel ◽  
Vladimir S. Fonov ◽  
Cécile Madjar ◽  
Jennifer Tremblay-Mercier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Amyloid Pathology ◽  
Healthy Elderly

IC-P-153: Thinner Cortical Thickness in Patients With Subjective Cognitive Decline is Related to Poor Memory Performance and Faster Decline of Executive Function

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. P113-P114
Author(s):  
Sander C.J. Verfaillie ◽  
Rosalinde E.R. Slot ◽  
Betty M. Tijms ◽  
Femke H. Bouwman ◽  
Marije Benedictus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Poor Memory
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